ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2022
Cardiovascular Effectiveness of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Older Patients in Routine Clinical Care With or Without History of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases or Heart Failure.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative effectiveness and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors vs glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Reporting of Observational Studies Explicitly Aiming to Emulate Randomized Trials: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Lower Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Clinical Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Who Initiated Semaglutide 2.4 mg in the Real-World: Results From the SCORE-Clinical ASCVD Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- PERsonalised Medicine for Intensification of Treatment (PERMIT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a target trial emulation from routine data.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2026Article
- A Target Trial Emulation Study of SGLT2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and Combination Therapy in Preventing Kidney Failure in Type 2 Diabetes.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Article
- Article
- Lower risk of cardiovascular events in patients initiated on semaglutide 2.4 mg in the real-world: Results from the SCORE study (Semaglutide Effects on Cardiovascular Outcomes in People with Overweight or Obesity in the Real World).Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025 · on this mapObservational
- A novel high dimensional approach to assess heterogeneous treatment effect in claims data.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Comparative cardiovascular effectiveness of newer glucose-lowering drugs in elderly with type 2 diabetes: a target trial emulation cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Preventing premature cardiovascular mortality: the role of lifestyle interventions and pharmacotherapy-a narrative review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- High-dimensional Iterative Causal Forest (hdiCF) for Subgroup Identification Using Health Care Claims Data.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Comparative safety and cardiovascular effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in nursing homes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2024Article
- Iterative Causal Forest: A Novel Algorithm for Subgroup Identification.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Cardiorenal effectiveness of empagliflozin vs. glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: final-year results from the EMPRISE study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular Outcomes of α-Blockers vs 5-α Reductase Inhibitors for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Treatment effect heterogeneity following type 2 diabetes treatment with GLP1-receptor agonists and SGLT2-inhibitors: a systematic review.Communications medicine · 2023Article
- Precision medicine in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of treatment effect heterogeneity for GLP1-receptor agonists and SGLT2-inhibitors.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- The Evolution of Diabetes Treatment Through the Ages: From Starvation Diets to Insulin, Incretins, SGLT2-Inhibitors and Beyond.Journal of the Indian Institute of Science · 2023Review
- Survival of Myocardial Infarction Patients with Diabetes Mellitus at the Invasive Era (Results from the Városmajor Myocardial Infarction Registry).Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background Randomized trials demonstrate the cardioprotective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA). We evaluated their relative cardiovascular effectiveness in routine care populations with a broad spectrum of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) or heart failure (HF). Methods and Results We identified Medicare beneficiaries from 2013 to 2017, aged >65 years, initiating SGLT2i (n=24 747) or GLP-1RA (n=22 596) after a 1-year baseline. On the basis of diagnoses during baseline, we classified patients into: (1) no HF or CVD, (2) HF but no CVD, (3) no HF but CVD, and (4) both HF and CVD. We identified hospitalized HF and atherosclerotic CVD outcomes from drug initiation until treatment changes, death, or disenrollment. We estimated propensity score-weighted 2-year risk ratios (RRs) and risk differences, accounting for measured confounding, informative censoring, and competing risk. In patients with no CVD or HF, SGLT2i reduced the hospitalized HF risk compared with GLP-1RA (propensity score-weighted RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43-0.96). The association was strongest in those who had HF but no CVD (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.25-0.85). The combined myocardial infarction, stroke, and mortality outcome risk was slightly higher for SGLT2i compared with GLP-1RA in those without CVD or HF (RR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.09-1.56). The association was favorable toward SGLT2i in subgroups with a history of HF. Conclusions SGLT2i reduced the cardiovascular risk versus GLP-1RA in patients with a history of HF but no CVD. Atherosclerotic CVD events were less frequent with GLP-1RA in those without prior CVD or HF.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.