ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2022
Long-Term Effectiveness of the TIME Intervention to Improve Diabetes Outcomes in Low-Income Settings: a 2-Year Follow-Up.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Patient Priorities Care Implementation in Older Veterans With Multiple Chronic Conditions
Creating Healthy Communities Through a Church-based, Community Health Worker-led Initiative
Implementing a Diabetes Intervention in Rural and Low-Income Clinics: A Feasibility Study
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized trial of an integrated care intervention among Latino adults: Sustained effects on diabetes management.Translational behavioral medicine · 2024Trial
- Implementation and Evaluation of a mHealth-Based Community Health Worker Feedback Loop for Hispanics with and at Risk for Diabetes.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Trial
- Trial
- From Trials to Practice: Implementing a Clinical Intervention in Community Settings.Journal of primary care & community healthTrial
- Feasibility of a Church-Based, CHW-Delivered Diabetes and SDOH Intervention in a Hispanic Community: A Quasi-Experimental Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Digital Health Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review of Mobile Technologies and Their Impact on Patients' Outcomes.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Narrative Review of Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Review
- Adapting the NIMHD Research Framework for Type 2 Diabetes-Related Disparities.Current diabetes reports · 2025Review
- Shifting roles of community health workers in the prevention and management of noncommunicable disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.Health policy and planning · 2024Article
- A community health worker led diabetes self-management education program: Reducing patient and system burden.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2024Article
- HbA1c changes in a deprived population who followed or not a diabetes self-management programme, organised in a multi-professional primary care practice: a historical cohort study on 207 patients between 2017 and 2019.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Article
- Preparing Community Health Workers to Empower Latino(a)s With Diabetes: A Real-World Implementation Study.The science of diabetes self-management and care · 2024Article
- Belonging, endurance, and resistance: Black placemaking theory in primary care.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Equity in Medical Care for People Living With Diabetes.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe previously found that a 6-month multidimensional diabetes program, TIME (Telehealth-Supported, Integrated Community Health Workers, Medication-Access) resulted in improved clinical outcomes.
objectiveTo follow TIME participant clinical outcomes for 24 months
participantsLow-income Latino(a)s with type 2 diabetes DESIGN AND
interventionWe collected post-intervention clinical data for five cohorts (n = 101, mean n = 20/cohort) who participated in TIME programs from 2018 to 2020 in Houston, Texas. MAIN MEASURES: We gathered HbA1c (primary outcome), weight, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure data at baseline, 6 months (intervention end), and semiannually thereafter until 24 months after baseline to assess sustainability. We also evaluated participant loss to follow-up until 24 months. KEY
resultsParticipants decreased HbA1c levels during the intervention (p < 0.0001) and maintained these improvements at each timepoint from baseline to 24 months (p range: < 0.0001 to 0.015). Participants reduced blood pressure levels during TIME and maintained these changes at each timepoint from baseline until 18 months (systolic p range < 0.0001 to 0.0005, diastolic p range: < 0.0001 to 0.008) but not at 24 months (systolic: p = 0.065; diastolic: p = 0.85). There were no significant weight changes during TIME or post-intervention: weight (p range = 0.07 to 0.77), BMI (p range = 0.11 to 0.71). Attrition rates (loss to follow-up during the post-intervention period) were 5.9% (6 months), 24.8% (12 months), 35.6% (18 months), and 41.8% (24 months).
conclusionsIt is possible for vulnerable populations to maintain long-term glycemic and blood pressure improvements using a multiple dimensional intervention. Attrition rates rose over time but show promise given the majority of post-intervention timepoints occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic when low-income populations were most susceptible to suboptimal healthcare access. Future studies are needed to evaluate longitudinal outcomes of diabetes interventions conducted by local clinics rather than research teams.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.