ArticleScientific reports2022
Insulin-like growth factor 2 and autophagy gene expression alteration arise as potential biomarkers in Parkinson's disease.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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30 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Profiling peripheral immune cells in Parkinson's disease: A scoping review.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Cell-based immunotherapy for neurodegenerative disease: A promising avenue.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Gender-specific gene profiling inIBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- WDR44 drives de novo α-synuclein aggregation at the lysosomal membrane and promotes neuronal dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Tribolium castaneum with longer duration of tonic immobility have more variations corresponding to the human Parkinson's disease genomic region.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Therapeutic effects of IGF-2 on NMOSD by inhibiting astrocyte apoptosis through modulation of the IGF-1R/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- CSF peptidomics reveals an IGF2-derived peptide as a candidate biomarker for neurosyphilis diagnosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Parkinson's Disease: The Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Molecular Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Therapy.MedComm · 2025Review
- Unveiling Exosomes and Microvesicles in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanistic Insights Into Cell Death Pathways and Therapeutic Potential.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Epilepsy and autophagy modulators: a therapeutic split.Autophagy · 2025Review
- Article
- IGF2-Reprogrammed Macrophages Ameliorate the Inflammatory Response and Protect Against the Neuroinflammatory Process in Parkinson's Disease Models.Aging cell · 2025Article
- New molecular mechanisms to explain the neuroprotective effects of insulin-like growth factor II in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- Inflammatory Intracellular Signaling in Neurons Is Influenced by Glial Soluble Factors in iPSC-Based Cell Model ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Dysfunction in IGF2R Pathway and Associated Perturbations in Autophagy and WNT Processes in Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome Cell Lines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Causal relationships between type 1 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Article
- The Common Denominators of Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis and Methamphetamine Abuse.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- The role of autophagy in Parkinson's disease: a gender difference overview.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- IGF2 prevents dopaminergic neuronal loss and decreases intracellular alpha-synuclein accumulation in Parkinson's disease models.Cell death discovery · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and autophagy-related genes have been proposed as biomolecules of interest related to idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of this study was to determine the IGF2 and IGF1 levels in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with moderately advanced PD and explore the potential correlation with autophagy-related genes in the same blood samples. IGF1 and IGF2 levels in patients' plasma were measured by ELISA, and the IGF2 expression levels were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot in PBMCs. The expression of autophagy-related genes was evaluated by real-time PCR. The results show a significant decrease in IGF2 plasma levels in PD patients compared with a healthy control group. We also report a dramatic decrease in IGF2 mRNA and protein levels in PBMCs from PD patients. In addition, we observed a downregulation of key components of the initial stages of the autophagy process. Although IGF2 levels were not directly correlated with disease severity, we found a correlation between its levels and autophagy gene profile expression in a sex-dependent pattern from the same samples. To further explore this correlation, we treated mice macrophages cell culture with α-synuclein and IGF2. While α-synuclein treatment decreased levels Atg5, IGF2 treatment reverted these effects, increasing Atg5 and Beclin1 levels. Our results suggest a relationship between IGF2 levels and the autophagy process in PD and their potential application as multi-biomarkers to determine PD patients' stages of the disease.
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