Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35131906›Full record

ArticleNeurology2022

Association of Loneliness With 10-Year Dementia Risk and Early Markers of Vulnerability for Neurocognitive Decline.

Joel Salinas, Alexa S Beiser, Jasmeet K Samra, Adrienne O'Donnell, Charles S DeCarli, Mitzi M Gonzales, Hugo J Aparicio, Sudha Seshadri

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07107906 (The CONNECT Program), which is not on this map. Cited by 73 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
73citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
14.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07107906 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

The CONNECT Program: Engaging Community Organizations in the Implementation and Evaluation of a Group Telehealth Mental Health Program for Older Canadians

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of ManitobaRan2025 to 2026Enrolled128ConditionsLoneliness, Social Isolation, Depression Disorders, AnxietyArmsThe CONNECT Program, Community Participation as Usual (Service as Usual)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

73 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Beneficial Effect of Societal Factors on APOE-ε2 and ε4 Carriers' Brain Health: A Systematic Review.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Loneliness and Plasma Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
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  9. Review
  10. Social connectedness and cognitive outcomes in rural middle- to older-age adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Loneliness Subtypes and Their Association With Prevalent and Incident Dementia.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
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13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Joel SalinasFrom the Department of Neurology (J.S.), Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York; The Framingham Study (J.S., A.S.B., J.K.S., A.O., H.J.A., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics (A.S.B., J.K.S., A.O.), Boston University School of Public Health; Department of Neurology (A.S.B., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California Davis; and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.M.G., S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio. joel.salinas@nyulangone.org.
Alexa S BeiserFrom the Department of Neurology (J.S.), Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York; The Framingham Study (J.S., A.S.B., J.K.S., A.O., H.J.A., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics (A.S.B., J.K.S., A.O.), Boston University School of Public Health; Department of Neurology (A.S.B., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California Davis; and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.M.G., S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio.
Jasmeet K SamraFrom the Department of Neurology (J.S.), Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York; The Framingham Study (J.S., A.S.B., J.K.S., A.O., H.J.A., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics (A.S.B., J.K.S., A.O.), Boston University School of Public Health; Department of Neurology (A.S.B., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California Davis; and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.M.G., S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio.
Adrienne O'DonnellFrom the Department of Neurology (J.S.), Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York; The Framingham Study (J.S., A.S.B., J.K.S., A.O., H.J.A., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics (A.S.B., J.K.S., A.O.), Boston University School of Public Health; Department of Neurology (A.S.B., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California Davis; and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.M.G., S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio.
Charles S DeCarliFrom the Department of Neurology (J.S.), Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York; The Framingham Study (J.S., A.S.B., J.K.S., A.O., H.J.A., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics (A.S.B., J.K.S., A.O.), Boston University School of Public Health; Department of Neurology (A.S.B., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California Davis; and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.M.G., S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio.
Mitzi M GonzalesFrom the Department of Neurology (J.S.), Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York; The Framingham Study (J.S., A.S.B., J.K.S., A.O., H.J.A., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics (A.S.B., J.K.S., A.O.), Boston University School of Public Health; Department of Neurology (A.S.B., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California Davis; and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.M.G., S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio.
Hugo J AparicioFrom the Department of Neurology (J.S.), Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York; The Framingham Study (J.S., A.S.B., J.K.S., A.O., H.J.A., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics (A.S.B., J.K.S., A.O.), Boston University School of Public Health; Department of Neurology (A.S.B., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California Davis; and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.M.G., S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio.
Sudha SeshadriFrom the Department of Neurology (J.S.), Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York; The Framingham Study (J.S., A.S.B., J.K.S., A.O., H.J.A., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics (A.S.B., J.K.S., A.O.), Boston University School of Public Health; Department of Neurology (A.S.B., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), University of California Davis; and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (M.M.G., S.S.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio.
Boston University · US

Funding

THE FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDYN01HC25195 · NHLBI · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI RAMACHANDRAN, VASAN S · 2007 to 2014
$83.8M
FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY - YEAR 5 EXAM75N92019D00031 · NHLBI · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · 2019 to 2024
$29.8M
South Texas Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterP30AG066546 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI Mohamad Habes · 2021 to 2026
$24.0M
PRECURSORS OF STROKE INCIDENCE AND PROGNOSISR01NS017950 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI Hugo Javier Aparicio, Jose Rafael Romero · 1985 to 2026
$22.9M
San Antonio OAIC - Research Education Component (REC)P30AG044271 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI Jonathan Adam Letterman Gelfond · 2015 to 2026
$14.1M
Temporal Trends, Novel Imaging and Molecular Characterization of Preclinical and Clinical Alzheimer's Disease in the Framingham CohortsR01AG054076 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI DECARLI, CHARLES, SESHADRI, SUDHA · 2016 to 2020
$12.3M
Cognitively Healthy Nonagenarians in the Cross Cohort Collaboration (CCC)RF1AG059421 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI SESHADRI, SUDHA · 2018 to 2018
$6.1M
Training in Neurostatistics and NeuroepidemiologyT32NS048005 · NINDS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI ONNELA, JUKKA-PEKKA · 2004 to 2018
$3.2M
Preclinical AD: Correlates of Amyloid, Tau PET and fcMRI in Framingham Gen 3 Young AdultsR01AG049607 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI SESHADRI, SUDHA · 2015 to 2019
$3.1M
CHARGE: Identifying Risk & Protective SNV for AD in ADSP Case-control SampleU01AG049505 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI SESHADRI, SUDHA · 2014 to 2017
$3.0M
Microglial, Inflammatory and Omics Markers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in the CHARGE ConsortiumUH2NS100605 · NINDS · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI FORNAGE, MYRIAM, SESHADRI, SUDHA · 2016 to 2017
$2.0M
ADSP Follow-up in Multi-Ethnic Cohorts via Endophenotypes, Omics & Model SystemsU01AG052409 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI FORNAGE, MYRIAM, SESHADRI, SUDHA · 2016 to 2020
$1.6M
NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92019D00031NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201500001INHLBI NIH HHS N01HC25195NIA NIH HHS K23 AG057760NIA NIH HHS P30 AG044271NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066546NIA NIH HHS R01 AG049607NIA NIH HHS R01 AG054076NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG059421NIA NIH HHS U01 AG049505NIA NIH HHS U01 AG052409NINDS NIH HHS L30 NS093525NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS017950NINDS NIH HHS T32 NS048005NINDS NIH HHS UH2 NS100605
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesLoneliness is common, and its prevalence is rising. The relationship of loneliness with subsequent dementia and the early preclinical course of Alzheimer disease and related dementia (ADRD) remains unclear. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to determine the association of loneliness with 10-year all-cause dementia risk and early cognitive and neuroanatomic imaging markers of ADRD vulnerability.

methodsThis was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the population-based Framingham Study cohorts (September 9, 1948-December 31, 2018). Eligible participants had loneliness assessed and were dementia-free at baseline. Loneliness was recorded with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, defined conservatively as feeling lonely ≥3 days in the past week. The main outcomes were incident dementia over a 10-year period, cognition, and MRI brain volumes and white matter injury.

resultsOf 2,308 participants (mean age 73 [SD 9] years, 56% women) who met eligibility in the dementia sample, 14% (329 of 2,308) developed dementia and 6% (144 of 2,308) were lonely. Lonely (versus not lonely) adults had higher 10-year dementia risk (age-, sex-, and education-adjusted hazard ratio 1.54, 95% CI 1.06-2.24). Lonely participants <80 years of age without DISCUSSION: Over 10 years of close clinical dementia surveillance in this cohort study, loneliness was associated with increased dementia risk; this tripled in adults whose baseline risk would otherwise be relatively low on the basis of age and genetic risk, representing a majority of the US population. Loneliness was also associated with worse neurocognitive markers of ADRD vulnerability, suggesting an early pathogenic role. These findings may have important clinical and public health implications given observed loneliness trends. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class I evidence that loneliness increases the 10-year risk of developing dementia.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseLonelinessAgedAged, 80 and overCohort StudiesFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID35131906
PMCPMC8967424
OpenAlexW4210859428

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.