Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35131848›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022

Spiritual over physical formidability determines willingness to fight and sacrifice through loyalty in cross-cultural populations.

Chad C Tossell, Angel Gómez, Ewart J de Visser, Alexandra Vázquez, Bianca T Donadio, Amanda Metcalfe, Charles Rogan, Richard Davis, Scott Atran

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. What Sustains Wars: Will to Fight Versus Military Might.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Transcultural pathways to the will to fight.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  4. Spiritual over physical formidability determines willingness to fight and sacrifice through loyalty in cross-cultural populations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Chad C TossellDepartment of Behavioral Sciences and Leadership, Warfighter Effectiveness Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, CO 80840; chad.tossell@afacademy.af.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-1662-9308
Angel GómezCenter for Conflict Studies and Field Research, Artis International, Saint Michaels, MD 21663.ORCID 0000-0002-4287-4916
Ewart J de VisserDepartment of Behavioral Sciences and Leadership, Warfighter Effectiveness Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, CO 80840.
Alexandra VázquezCenter for Conflict Studies and Field Research, Artis International, Saint Michaels, MD 21663.ORCID 0000-0002-6040-9102
Bianca T DonadioDepartment of Behavioral Sciences and Leadership, Warfighter Effectiveness Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, CO 80840.
Amanda MetcalfeDepartment of Behavioral Sciences and Leadership, Warfighter Effectiveness Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, CO 80840.ORCID 0000-0002-7067-4612
Charles RoganCenter for Conflict Studies and Field Research, Artis International, Saint Michaels, MD 21663.
Richard DavisCenter for Conflict Studies and Field Research, Artis International, Saint Michaels, MD 21663.
Scott AtranCenter for Conflict Studies and Field Research, Artis International, Saint Michaels, MD 21663.ORCID 0000-0002-0796-7279
United States Air Force Academy · USUniversidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia · ESUniversity of Michigan · USUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Across 11 studies involving six countries from four continents (

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedCross-Cultural ComparisonFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNegotiatingPersonnel LoyaltyReligionSocial PerceptionSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung Adultloyaltyphysical formidabilityself-sacrificespiritual formidabilitywill to fight

Identifiers

PMID35131848
PMCPMC8833214
OpenAlexW4210888530

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.