ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2022
Exercise after influenza or COVID-19 vaccination increases serum antibody without an increase in side effects.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06691490 (Functional MRI Protocols for Studying the Neural Correlates of Effort Perception and the Effects of Targeted rTMS Protocols on Perceived Effort and Effort-based Decision-making), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Functional MRI Protocols for Studying the Neural Correlates of Effort Perception and the Effects of Targeted rTMS Protocols on Perceived Effort and Effort-based Decision-making
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of exercise on markers of B cell-related immunity: A systematic review.Journal of sport and health science · 2024Pooled it
- A targeted metabolic intervention via exercise applied after vaccination shapes kinetics and durability of serum antibody accompanied by a distinct immunometabolic signature: pilot study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- The Immune System as a Biosensor of Health and Athletic Performance.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Review
- Skeletal muscle as a dynamic immunological niche for vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Vaccination coverage among adolescent athletes: Patterns, gaps, and implications for sports medicine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic: A 5-year retrospect.Sports medicine and health science · 2025Review
- The influence of structured physical activity on vaccination response from adults to older individuals: a systematic review on the Immunoinflammatory crosstalk of COVID-19.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- Understanding and improving vaccine efficacy in older adults.Nature aging · 2025Review
- Review
- The Fourth Annual Symposium of the Midwest Aging Consortium.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Endurance Exercise Does Not Exacerbate Cardiac Inflammation in BALB/c Mice Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Demystifying roles of exercise in immune response regulation against acute respiratory infections: A narrative review.Sports medicine and health science · 2024Review
- Key Considerations during the Transition from the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Article
- Kinetics of COVID-19 mRNA primary and booster vaccine-associated neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in long-term care facility residents: a prospective longitudinal study in Japan.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2023Article
- Common Sports Infectious Disease.HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery · 2023Review
- Self-reported side effects following COVID-19 vaccination in athletes: A retrospective study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Targeting the hallmarks of aging to improve influenza vaccine responses in older adults.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2023Review
- Older Adults' Frequency of Going Outside during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Associations with Physical Distancing, Health Status, and Fall Risk Factors.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2023Article
- Older Adults Who Maintained a Regular Physical Exercise Routine before the Pandemic Show Better Immune Response to Vaccination for COVID-19.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective public health measure, yet vaccine efficacy varies across different populations. Adjuvants improve vaccine efficacy but often increase reactogenicity. An unconventional behavioral "adjuvant" is physical exercise at the time of vaccination. Here, in separate experiments, we examined the effect of 90-minute light- to moderate-intensity cycle ergometer or outdoor walk/jog aerobic exercise performed once after immunization on serum antibody response to three different vaccines (2009 pandemic influenza H1N1, seasonal influenza, and COVID-19). Exercise took place after influenza vaccination or after the first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. A mouse model of influenza A immunization was used to examine the effect of exercise on antibody response and the role of IFNα as a potential mechanism by treating mice with anti-IFNα antibody. The results show that 90 min of exercise consistently increased serum antibody to each vaccine four weeks post-immunization, and IFNα may partially contribute to the exercise-related benefit. Exercise did not increase side effects after the COVID-19 vaccination. These findings suggest that adults who exercise regularly may increase antibody response to influenza or COVID-19 vaccine by performing a single session of light- to moderate-intensity exercise post-immunization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.