Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35131335›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infection2022

Real-world data on immune responses following heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccination schedule with Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines in England.

Samantha J Westrop, Heather J Whitaker, Annabel A Powell, Linda Power, Corinne Whillock, Helen Campbell, Ruth Simmons, Lenesha Warrener, Mary E Ramsay, Shamez N Ladhani and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infection, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  9. The PHH-1V HIPRA vaccine: a new tool in the vaccination strategy against COVID-19.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2023
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  11. Heterologous prime-boost immunization with ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2: reactogenicity and immunogenicity in a prospective cohort study.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Samantha J WestropImmunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK. Electronic address: samantha.westrop@phe.gov.uk.
Heather J WhitakerStatistics, Modelling and Economics Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Annabel A PowellImmunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Linda PowerImmunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Corinne WhillockImmunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Helen CampbellImmunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Ruth SimmonsImmunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Lenesha WarrenerVirus Reference Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Mary E RamsayImmunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Shamez N LadhaniImmunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK; Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
Kevin E BrownImmunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
Gayatri AmirthalingamImmunisation Department, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere are limited data on immune responses to heterologous COVID-19 immunisation schedules, especially following an extended ≥12-week interval between doses.

methodsSARS-CoV-2 infection-naïve and previously-infected adults receiving ChAd-BNT (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, AstraZeneca followed by BNT162b2, Pfizer-BioNTech) or BNT-ChAd as part of the UK national immunisation programme provided blood samples at 30 days and 12 weeks after their second dose. Geometric mean concentrations (GMC) of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S-antibody) and nucleoprotein (N-antibody) IgG antibodies and geometric mean ratios (GMR) were compared with a contemporaneous cohort receiving homologous ChAd-ChAd or BNT-BNT.

resultsDuring March-October 2021, 75,827 individuals were identified as having received heterologous vaccination, 9,489 invited to participate, 1,836 responded (19.3%) and 656 were eligible. In previously-uninfected adults, S-antibody GMC at 30 days post-second dose were lowest for ChAd-ChAd (862 [95% CI, 694 - 1069]) and significantly higher for ChAd-BNT (6233 [5522-7035]; GMR 6.29; [5.04-7.85]; p<0.001), BNT-ChAd (4776 [4066-5610]; GMR 4.55 [3.56-5.81]; p<0.001) and BNT-BNT (5377 [4596-6289]; GMR 5.66 [4.49-7.15]; p<0.001). By 12 weeks after dose two, S-antibody GMC had declined in all groups and remained significantly lower for ChAd-ChAd compared to ChAd-BNT (GMR 5.12 [3.79-6.92]; p<0.001), BNT-ChAd (GMR 4.1 [2.96-5.69]; p<0.001) and BNT-BNT (GMR 6.06 [4.32-8.50]; p<0.001). Previously infected adults had higher S-antibody GMC compared to infection-naïve adults at all time-points and with all vaccine schedules.

conclusionsThese real-world findings demonstrate heterologous schedules with adenoviral-vector and mRNA vaccines are highly immunogenic and may be recommended after a serious adverse reaction to one vaccine product, or to increase programmatic flexibility where vaccine supplies are constrained.

Indexed as

COVID-19SARS-CoV-2AdultAntibody FormationBNT162 VaccineChAdOx1 nCoV-19COVID-19 VaccinesEnglandHumansImmunoglobulin GVaccinationBNT162 VaccineChAdOx1 nCoV-19COVID-19 VaccinesImmunoglobulin G

Identifiers

PMID35131335
PMCPMC8815191

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.