ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2022
A comprehensive review of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: Pfizer, Moderna & Johnson & Johnson.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 153 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
153 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Kikuchi-Fujimoto in the light of the COVID-19: infection and vaccination. A systematic review.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of menstrual alterations following COVID-19 vaccination: systematic review & meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus statements on rehabilitation for patients with COVID-19: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- New variants of COVID-19 (XBB.1.5 and XBB.1.16, the "Arcturus"): A review of highly questioned concerns, a brief comparison between different peaks in the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focused systematic review on expert recommendations for prevention, vaccination, and treatment measures in the general population and at-risk groups.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Pooled it
- Detection of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies in Human Breast Milk and Their Neutralizing Capacity after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccines: current status, challenges and future prospects.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Post-loading ribonucleic acid into lipid nanoparticle carriers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke Occurring After ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 Vaccination Without Evidence of Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report and Focused Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Four doses of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination for patients with inborn errors of immunity compared to 3 doses for healthy individuals.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- Endolysosomal trafficking regulator SH-BC-893 inhibits coronavirus entry in vitro and in vivo.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Humoral Immune Correlates Analysis of Four Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 in Rhesus Macaques.Research square · 2026Article
- Characterizing persistent Post-COVID-19 vaccination symptoms using MedDRA system organ class and preferred term classifications.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Unmasking Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Case of Rapid-Onset Myositis Following COVID-19 Booster in an Eosinophilic Asthma Patient.European journal of rheumatology · 2026Article
- mRNA-delivered neutralizing antibodies confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 in animal models.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ILD: Post-pandemic study in South Italy.Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- COVID-19 vaccine compliance among pregnant women in Poland during the pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Global landscape of mRNA vaccine clinical trials: a systematic analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov data.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin as adjuvant platform enhances immunogenicity of conserved epitopes from structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The novel coronavirus outbreak was declared a pandemic in March 2020. We are reviewing the COVID-19 vaccines authorized for use in the United States by discussing the mechanisms of action, administration, side effects, and efficacy of vaccines developed by Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson. Pfizer and Moderna developed mRNA vaccines, encoding the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, whereas Johnson & Johnson developed an adenovirus vector-based vaccine. Safety has been shown in a large cohort of participants in clinical trials as well as the general population since emergency approval of vaccine administration in the US. Clinical trial results showed the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines to be 95.0%, and the Johnson & Johnson vaccine to be 66.0% effective in protecting against moderate and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is important to keep medical literature updated with the ongoing trials of these vaccinations, especially as they are tested among different age groups and upon the emergence of novel variants of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.