ArticleInfection and immunity2022
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps as an Exacerbating Factor in Bacterial Pneumonia.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pleural fluid neutrophil extracellular traps are associated with disease severity and risk of 1-year mortality in pleural infection: an observational, international, multicohort study (TORPIDS-3).The European respiratory journal · 2026Observational
- Targeting inflammasome, IL-1β, and coagulation in melioidosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- The "two-hit" storm: a hyper-inflammatory endotype in pediatric long COVID and its role in the severity of secondary bacterial pneumonia-a mechanistic review and clinical implications.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Increased neutrophil extracellular traps formation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of dogs with bronchiectasis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Higher levels of neutrophil extracellular traps in mucoid middle ear effusion obtained from otitis media with effusion in children.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Targeting tumor-associated neutrophils: A promising strategy in lung cancer immunotherapy.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2025Review
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Sepsis and Sepsis-Related Organ Dysfunction.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- Regulation of neutrophil extracellular trap formation by c-di-GMP inFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Sex-dependent vulnerability for Wistar rats model following intranasal instillation with Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 43816 causing lobar pneumonia.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2024Article
- Disruption of the C5a/C5aR1 axis confers protection against hookworm infection in lung.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Transcriptome analysis reveals the impact of NETs activation on airway epithelial cell EMT and inflammation in bronchiolitis obliterans.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Externalized histones fuel pulmonary fibrosis via a platelet-macrophage circuit of TGFβ1 and IL-27.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Innate immune responses in pneumonia.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2023Review
- Immune profiling of experimental murine mastitis reveals conserved response to mammary pathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Neutrophils are capable of extruding neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a network of granule proteins and chromatin material, upon activation. NETs provide defense against extracellular microbes, but histones in NETs can also induce cytotoxicity and activate inflammatory responses. The relevance of NETs to bacterial pneumonias is beginning to be defined. In the present study, we found that the extracellular concentration of citrullinated histone H3, a component of NETs, was elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid recovered from mice with diverse bacterial pneumonias and correlated with neutrophil infiltration and cell death in the lungs as well as levels of H4. Because the histone H4 component of NETs is sufficient to stimulate inflammation, we tested its effects in the air spaces of the lungs. Recombinant histone H4 in the noninflamed lung produced only modest effects, but in the setting of neutrophilic inflammation, H4 substantially increased pulmonary neutrophils, NETs, necrosis, and edema. However, blockade of histone H4 with a monoclonal antibody during pneumonia did not significantly alter measures of lung damage. Taken together, these results implicate NETs and extracellular histone H4 in exacerbating the lung injury resulting from bacterial pneumonia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.