ArticlePloS one2022
Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling of the factor structure of the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE).
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Using a virtual reality role-playing game to enhance interaction dynamics and improve social attitudes toward transgender people.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Turkish validity and reliability study of the simulation self-report cognitive load measurement tool 2.0.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Iranian university students' alcohol-related knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire (ISKAP alcohol Q): development and psychometric properties.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Measuring cognitive and affective empathy across positive and negative emotions: psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Perth Empathy Scale.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Validation of the German Emotional Contagion Scale and development of a mimicry brief version.PloS one · 2025Article
- Measuring dispositional empathy in South African children.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2024Article
- Exploring medical students' perceptions of empathy after cinemeducation based on Vygotsky's theory.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Exploratory structural equation modeling: a streamlined step by step approach using the R Project software.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Dissociating cognitive and affective empathy across psychopathy dimensions: The role of interoception and alexithymia.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Measurement of burnout during the prolonged pandemic in the Chinese zero-COVID context: COVID-19 burnout views scale.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
The Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) is a multiple dimensional measure of cognitive empathy [comprising primary factors for perspective taking (PT), online simulation (OS)], and affective empathy [comprising primary factors for emotion contagion (EC), proximal responsivity (PRO), and peripheral responsivity (PER)]. This study used independent clusters confirmatory factor analysis (ICM-CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) to examine the scale's factor structure. A general community sample of 203 (men = 43, women = 160) between 17 and 63 years completed the QCAE. Although both the five-factor oblique and second order factor models showed good model fit, and clarity in the pattern of factor loadings, in the second-order factor model, none of the primary factors loaded significantly on their respective secondary factors, thereby favoring the five-factor oblique model. The factors in this model were supported in terms of external validity. Despite this, the factor for PRO in this model showed low reliability for meaning interpretation. A revised four-factor oblique model without the PRO factor showed good fit, clarity in the pattern of factor loadings, and reliability and validity for the factors in this model, thereby suggesting this to be the best model to represent ratings on the QCAE.
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