Trial reportAddiction (Abingdon, England)2022
HIV clinic-based extended-release naltrexone versus treatment as usual for people with HIV and opioid use disorder: a non-blinded, randomized non-inferiority trial.
Trial report in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sustained-release naltrexone for opioid dependence.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Beneficial effects of the rapid vs. standard procedure for injection naltrexone initiation operate through increased adjunctive medication use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Trial
- Thresholds for adjunctive medication usage and probability of initiating injectable naltrexone.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Trial
- Treatment Initiation, Substance Use Trajectories, and the Social Determinants of Health in Persons Living With HIV Seeking Medication for Opioid Use Disorder.Substance abuse · 2023Trial
- Estimating the impact of stimulant use on initiation of buprenorphine and extended-release naltrexone in two clinical trials and real-world populations.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2023Trial
- HIV clinic-based extended-release naltrexone versus treatment as usual for people with HIV and opioid use disorder: a non-blinded, randomized non-inferiority trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Trial
- Comorbidities of substance use: Opportunities realized and future needs.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2026Article
- Assessing the relationship between body mass index and substance craving among patients with substance use disorders.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2026Article
- Transporting Results from a Trial to an External Target Population When Trial Participation Impacts Adherence.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Identifying Extended-Release Naltrexone Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in US Medicaid Data.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- Medications for OUD: Extended-Release Naltrexone.Current addiction reports · 2025Article
- Comparative effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone and sublingual buprenorphine for treatment of opioid use disorder among Medicaid patients.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Observational
- Comparative effectiveness of extended release naltrexone and sublingual buprenorphine for treatment of opioid use disorder among Medicaid patients.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Associations between stimulant use and return to illicit opioid use following initiation onto medication for opioid use disorder.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Article
- High suicidality predicts overdose events among people with substance use disorder: A latent class analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Suicidality as a Predictor of Overdose among Patients with Substance Use Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimOpioid agonist medications for treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) can improve human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outcomes and reduce opioid use. We tested whether outpatient antagonist treatment with naltrexone could achieve similar results.
designOpen-label, non-inferiority randomized trial.
settingSix US HIV primary care clinics.
participantsA total of 114 participants with untreated HIV and OUD (62% male; 56% black, 12% Hispanic; positive for fentanyl (62%), other opioids (47%) and cocaine (60%) at baseline). Enrollment halted early due to slow recruitment.
interventionHIV clinic-based extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX; n = 55) versus treatment as usual (TAU) with buprenorphine or methadone (TAU; n = 59). MEASUREMENTS: Treatment group differences were compared for the primary outcome of viral suppression (HIV RNA ≤ 200 copies/ml) at 24 weeks and secondary outcomes included past 30-day use of opioids at 24 weeks.
findingsFewer XR-NTX participants initiated medication compared with TAU participants (47 versus 73%). The primary outcome of viral suppression was comparable for XR-NTX (52.7%) and TAU (49.2%) [risk ratio (RR) = 1.064; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.748, 1.514] at 24 weeks. Non-inferiority could not be demonstrated, as the lower confidence limit of the RR did not exceed the pre-specified margin of 0.75 in intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. The main secondary outcome of past 30-day opioid use was comparable for XR-NTX versus TAU (11.7 versus 14.8 days; mean difference = -3.1; 95% CI = -8.7, 1.1) in ITT analysis. Among those initiating medication, XR-NTX resulted in fewer days of opioid use compared with TAU in the past 30 days (6.0 versus 13.6, mean difference = -7.6; 95% CI = -13.8, -0.2).
conclusionsA randomized controlled trial found supportive, but not conclusive, evidence that human immunodeficiency virus clinic-based extended-release naltrexone is not inferior to treatment as usual for facilitating human immunodeficiency virus viral suppression. Participants who initiated extended-release naltrexone used fewer opioids than those who received treatment as usual.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.