ReviewJournal of current ophthalmology
Recurrent Pterygium: A Review.
Review in Journal of current ophthalmology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy of sutureless and glue-free conjunctival autograft compared with sutured conjunctival autograft in pterygium surgery: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Treatment of Pterygium on the Refractive Errors: A Systematic Review.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in the treatment of primary pterygium.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Amniotic membrane transplantation and conjunctival autograft combined with mitomycin C for the management of primary pterygium: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Application of platelet-rich fibrin membrane versus amniotic membrane graft transplantation after pterygium excision: a randomised clinical trial.Eye (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of modified LSC transplantation plus BCL implantation in the treatment of pterygium.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Trial
- Comparison of postoperative topical interferon-α2b versus intraoperative mitomycin C for pterygium recurrence prevention: a randomized clinical trial.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Trial
- Extensive recurrent pterygium following photorefractive keratectomy: a case report.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Gene Expression Signatures Associated with Pterygium Recurrence.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Preoperative pterygium extension rate predicts postoperative corneal optical recovery after pterygium excision.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Recurrence rate, time to recurrence, and associated factors after primary pterygium excision with conjunctival-limbal autograft: a prospective cohort study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- The evaluation of hemogram-related systemic inflammatory markers in pterygium recurrence.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- A Retrospective Review of Glueless, Sutureless Pterygium Excision Using Biovance Triple-Layer Decellularized Amniotic Basement Membrane Tissue.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Postoperative Pain Trajectories and the Requirement for Rescue Analgesics Following Cataract Surgery versus Pterygium Excision: A Propensity Score-Matched Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Analysis of the application effect of an automated eye position fixation training device in patients undergoing pterygium surgery: a two-year follow-up randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Characteristics and risk factors of recurrent pterygium underwent excision combined with limbal conjunctival autograft in southern rural China.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- PentagonalInternational journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Comparison of Recurrence Rate and Outcomes of Pterygium Surgery with Inferior Versus Superior Rotational Conjunctival Flap: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of ophthalmic & vision research · 2026Article
- Article
- Anatomical Region-Specific Transcriptomic Signatures and the Role of Epithelial Cells in Pterygium Inflammation: A Multi-Omics Analysis.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo summarize the recent evidence regarding different aspects of pterygium recurrence.
methodsHuman-based studies from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were identified using the following keywords: conjunctival disease, pterygium, recurrent pterygium, pterygium recurrence, pterygium management/surgery, conjunctival autograft (CAU), amniotic membrane graft/transplant, and adjuvant therapy (January 2009 to February 2021). We reviewed risk factors associated with the recurrence of pterygium, timing of recurrence, medical treatments to prevent from recurrence, and nonsurgical and surgical alternatives for management of recurrence.
resultsDry eye disease, black race, and young age are considered definite risk factors for recurrence. However, fleshy appearance of the pterygium and preoperative size remain controversial. Surgical techniques such as excessive suturing, insufficient conjunctival graft size, thick conjunctival graft with remained Tenon tissue, and postoperative graft retraction are considered possible risk factors for recurrence. Using fibrin glue instead of sutures can further reduce recurrence rates. Although recurrence could occur even after many years, most recurrences happen in the first 3-6 months after surgery. Multiple kinds of adjuvant medications are used before, during, or after the operation including mitomycin C (MMC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), corticosteroids, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGFs). Multiple weekly subconjunctival 5-FU injections are shown to be safe and effective in halting the progression of recurrent pterygium. Although topical bevacizumab is found to inhibit the growth of impending recurrent pterygium, the effect is mostly temporary. CAU is superior to amniotic membrane transplantation in the treatment for recurrent pterygia.
conclusionsThere is yet to be a panacea in treating recurrent pterygium. Currently, there is not a globally accepted recommendation for treating recurrent pterygium with anti-VEGFs or 5-FU as a nonsurgical treatment. We strongly recommend using MMC as an adjunct to surgery in recurrent cases, with consideration of its specific complications. CAU is the most effective surgical treatment for recurrent pterygium, and other new surgical therapies need further investigation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.