ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)2022
Cognitive practice effects delay diagnosis of MCI: Implications for clinical trials.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predicting the Beneficial Effects of Cognitive Stimulation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment with Clinical, Inflammation, and Human Microglia Exposed to Serum as Potential Markers: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Trial
- Cross-cultural effects of reminiscence therapy on life satisfaction and autobiographical memory of older adults: a pilot study across Mexico and Spain.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Trial
- The association between smoking status and aging cognitive trajectory accounting for bias in attrition.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Practice effects persist over two decades of cognitive testing: Implications for longitudinal research.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- History of chronic pain and opioid use is associated with cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Transcranial Stimulation on Cognitive Abilities of Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Reaction time variations in normal aging and elderly MCI patients under various cognitive load conditions.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Evaluating practice effects across learning trials - ceiling effects or something more?Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · 2024Article
- Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Cognitive Decline Among Middle-to-Older Aged Men in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging.Neurotrauma reports · 2024Article
- Short-Term Practice Effects on Cognitive Tests Across the Late Life Cognitive Spectrum and How They Compare to Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Public Knowledge about Dementia in Poland-A Survey Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Concordance Between Logical Memory and Craft Story 21 in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Role of Demographic Factors And Cognitive Status.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2023Article
- Pragmatic approaches to handling practice effects in longitudinal cognitive aging research.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Misinterpreting cognitive change over multiple timepoints: When practice effects meet age-related decline.Neuropsychology · 2023Article
- Episodic Memory and Executive Function Are Differentially Affected by Retests but Similarly Affected by Age in a Longitudinal Study of Normally-Aging Older Adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Practice Effects in Mild Cognitive Impairment Increase Reversion Rates and Delay Detection of New Impairments.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Cognitive practice effects delay diagnosis of MCI: Implications for clinical trials.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2022Article
- Proper Name Recall as an Early Indicator of Preclinical Alzheimer Disease Pathology.Alzheimer disease and associated disordersArticle
- Implications of practice effects for the design of Alzheimer clinical trials.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)Article
- Computerized cognitive practice effects in relation to amyloid and tau in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: Results from a multi-site cohort.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPractice effects (PEs) on cognitive tests obscure decline, thereby delaying detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Importantly, PEs may be present even when there are performance declines, if scores would have been even lower without prior test exposure. We assessed how accounting for PEs using a replacement-participants method impacts incident MCI diagnosis.
methodsOf 889 baseline cognitively normal (CN) Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants, 722 returned 1 year later (mean age = 74.9 ± 6.8 at baseline). The scores of test-naïve demographically matched "replacement" participants who took tests for the first time were compared to returnee scores at follow-up. PEs-calculated as the difference between returnee follow-up scores and replacement participants scores-were subtracted from follow-up scores of returnees. PE-adjusted cognitive scores were then used to determine if individuals were below the impairment threshold for MCI. Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta, phosphorylated tau, and total tau were used for criterion validation. In addition, based on screening and recruitment numbers from a clinical trial of amyloid-positive individuals, we estimated the effect of earlier detection of MCI by accounting for cognitive PEs on a hypothetical clinical trial in which the key outcome was progression to MCI.
resultsIn the ADNI sample, PE-adjusted scores increased MCI incidence by 19% ( DISCUSSION: Detecting MCI as early as possible is of obvious importance. Accounting for cognitive PEs with the replacement-participants method leads to earlier detection of MCI, improved diagnostic accuracy, and can lead to multi-million-dollar cost reductions for clinical trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.