SynthesisFrontiers in nutrition2021
Role of Probiotics in Halitosis of Oral Origin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Studies.
Synthesis in Frontiers in nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Halitosis.International dental journal · 2026Guideline
- Effects of probiotics on the oral health of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of orthodontics · 2023Pooled it
- Sponsorship Bias in Clinical Trials in the Dental Application of Probiotics: A Meta-Epidemiological Study.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Oral probiotic Weissella cibaria improves halitosis and reduces periodontal pathogens: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.BMC oral health · 2026Trial
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on Probiotic Treatment for Halitosis: Novel Insights into Glucose and Phosphorus Metabolism.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Dietary Sulfur Compounds and Halitosis: Bridging Food Science, Microbial Metabolism, and Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Review
- BLIS M18 probiotic cleanser: effects on color and surface properties of conventional, milled, and 3D-printed PMMA.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- The effects of probiotics intervention on oral health outcomes: a comprehensive umbrella review of meta-analyses.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Review
- Tetrakis(4-pyridylphenyl)ethylene-decorated metal-organic frameworks with aggregation-induced chemiluminescence emission on paper-based platform for volatile sulfur compounds measurement.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Article
- Salivary Flow, Tongue-Coating Burden, and Morning Breath Odor: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of an Essential Oil Mouthwash on Halitosis in Obese Patients with Periodontitis: A Short-Term Clinical Evaluation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- The Home Use of Probiotics and Paraprobiotics for the Maintenance of Tongue Eubiosis: A Case Report.Case reports in dentistry · 2025Article
- Assessment of the Quality and Readability of Web-Based Arabic Health Information on Halitosis: Infodemiological Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the Oral Microbiome before and after Treatments for Halitosis with Photodynamic Therapy and Probiotics-Pilot Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effects of systemicJournal of dental sciences · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of Probiotics in Managing Oral Halitosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community DentistryReview
- Impact of facemasks on the mouth as an emerging dental concern: A survey among residents of Karachi.Clinical epidemiology and global healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Halitosis or oral malodor is a condition caused by the putrefaction of sulfur-containing amino acids. It affects 30-50% of the population and causes social rejection, reducing quality of life, and self-esteem. Probiotics, especially Lactobacillus species, have been proposed for the treatment of genuine halitosis, due to their ability to reduce bacterial colonization. Our objective was to evaluate their use for the treatment of oral halitosis. Applying the PRISMA statement guidelines, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for scientific articles from the last 15 years, up to July 2021. The keywords used were "Probiotics"; "Halitosis"; "Mouth diseases"; "Oral health"; "Humans"; "Randomized Clinical Trials" according to the question, "Are probiotics effective for the reduction or elimination of oral halitosis?" Fourteen studies were identified, although only four met the inclusion criteria. We evaluated 283 participants treated with two different probiotics, with a follow-up of at least 2 weeks. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. A fixed-effects meta-analysis was performed. No statistical significance was found (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.