ReviewFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2021
Heme in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Ubiquitous Dangerous Molecule Worthy of Vigilance.
Review in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of prosthetic heart valve-associated subclinical intravascular hemolysis on endothelium and cardiovascular system: a retrospective cohort study.Heart and vessels · 2026Article
- Stimulation of Eryptosis and Hemolysis by Adrenic Acid Involves Oxidative Stress, Calcium Elevation, and Metabolic Collapse.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis in arterial atherosclerosis: mechanistic hypotheses, cell type specific vulnerabilities, translational biomarkers, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Plant-Based Analogs: Potential Chemical Risks & Mitigation Strategies.Journal of food science · 2025Review
- Article
- Atheroma transcriptomics identifies ARNTL as a smooth muscle cell regulator and with clinical and genetic data improves risk stratification.European heart journal · 2025Article
- Major heme proteins hemoglobin and myoglobin with respect to their roles in oxidative stress - a brief review.Frontiers in chemistry · 2025Review
- Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, oxidative stress and myocardial infarction.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Hemin as a protective agent in an in vitro model of hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury.SAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- Synergistic increase in coproporphyrin III biosynthesis by mitochondrial compartmentalization in engineeredSynthetic and systems biotechnology · 2024Article
- Sepsis-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: Permeability and Regulated Cell Death.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Understanding mechanisms of antioxidant action in health and disease.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2024Review
- Accelerated atherosclerosis in beta-thalassemia.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2023Article
- Heme Interactions as Regulators of the Alternative Pathway Complement Responses and Implications for Heme-Associated Pathologies.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Applications of the Whole-Cell System in the Efficient Biosynthesis of Heme.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Heme Oxygenase-1: An Anti-Inflammatory Effector in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Related Metabolic Disorders.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Heme, the protoporphyrin IX iron complex is widely present in the human body and it is involved in oxygen storage, electron transfer, and enzymatic reactions. However, free heme can be toxic as it catalyzes the production of reactive oxygen species, oxidizes lipids and proteins, and causes DNA damage, thereby inducing a pro-inflammatory environment. The generation, metabolism, and degradation of heme in the human body are regulated by precise mechanisms to ensure that heme remains non-toxic. However, in several types of cardiovascular diseases, impaired metabolism and exposure to heme may occur in pathological processes, including neovascularization, internal hemorrhage, ischemia, and reperfusion. Based on years of research, in this review, we aimed to summarize the underlying mechanisms by which heme contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases through oxidative stress, relative pathway gene expression regulation and phenotypic changes in cells. Excess heme plays a detrimental role in atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, degenerative aortic valve stenosis, cardiac iron overload. Recent researches revealed that in some cases heme involved in cardiac damage though ferroptosis. Thus, heme concentrations beyond normal levels are dangerous. Further research on the role of heme in cardiovascular diseases is needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.