ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2021
The Effect of Gender-Affirming Medical Care on the Vaginal and Neovaginal Microbiomes of Transgender and Gender-Diverse People.
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Which Is the Best Surgical Approach for Female-to-Male Sexual Reassignment? A Systematic Review of Hysterectomy and Salpingo-Oophorectomy Options from the Gynecological Perspective.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- "I don't know how to treat you": Testosterone and gynecological care for transmasculine and gender diverse adults.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Vaginal microbiomes and their pertinent social context: a microbial ecological review proffering AMR-STI acquisition and emergence.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Special Issue: New Horizons in HIV and Reproductive Health Research: HIV Acquisition and Reproductive Health in Key Populations.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- The Nugent score is an inappropriate diagnostic tool for neovaginal bacteria in transfeminine people.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- The vaginal microbiota, symptoms, and local immune correlates in transmasculine individuals using sustained testosterone therapy.Cell reports · 2025Article
- The neovaginal microbiota, symptoms, and local immune correlates in transfeminine individuals with penile inversion vaginoplasty.Cell reports · 2025Article
- The Futility of Nugent Scoring as a Diagnostic Tool for Neovaginal Bacterial Dysbiosis in Transfeminine People.Research square · 2025Article
- Infections Following Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty: A Single-Center Experience.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The vaginal microbiome of transgender men receiving gender-affirming hormonal therapy in comparison to that of cisgender women.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Insights into the assembly of the neovaginal microbiota in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome patients.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Pelvic floor dysfunction prevention in female-to-male sexual reassignment: a future challenge for tailoring cares.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Article
- Psychodynamic psychotherapy for gender dysphoria is not conversion therapy.Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Academie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent · 2024Article
- Pleasurable and problematic receptive anal intercourse and diseases of the colon, rectum and anus.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Review
- Maximizing surgical outcomes with gender affirming hormone therapy in gender affirmation surgery.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2024Article
- Harnessing the power within: engineering the microbiome for enhanced gynecologic health.Reproduction & fertility · 2024Review
- Vaginal Cuff Dehiscence in Transgender Patients After Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy.Journal of minimally invasive gynecology · 2024Article
- Bacterial vaginosis testing gaps for transmasculine patients may exacerbate health disparities.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2024Article
- Testosterone use and sexual function among transgender men and gender diverse people assigned female at birth.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2023Article
- Exploring Hormone Therapy Effects on Reproduction and Health in Transgender Individuals.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Transgender and gender diverse individuals may seek gender-affirming medical care, such as hormone therapy or surgery, to produce primary and/or secondary sex characteristics that are more congruent with their gender. Gender-affirming medical care for transmasculine individuals can include testosterone therapy, which suppresses circulating estrogen and can lead to changes in the vaginal epithelium that are reminiscent of the post-menopausal period in cisgender females. Among transfeminine individuals, gender-affirming medical care can include vaginoplasty, which is the surgical creation of a vulva and neovaginal canal, commonly using penile and scrotal skin. The effect of gender-affirming medical care on the vagina of transmasculine individuals and on the neovagina of transfeminine individuals is poorly characterized. This review summarizes what is known of the epithelium and local microbiota of the testosterone-exposed vagina and the neovagina. We focus on potential pathogens and determinants of gynecological health and identify key knowledge gaps for future research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.