ArticleNano research2022
A chitosan-mediated inhalable nanovaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
Article in Nano research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immunity and vaccine development.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Chitosan nanoparticles for mucosal and needle-free vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Review
- Applications of Biodegradable Polymeric Nanomaterials as Drug Delivery Systems.Current drug delivery · 2026Review
- Nanorobots hold PD-L1 and break membrane of colorectal cancer cells for immunotherapy.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Article
- Intestinal mucosal immune responses induced by oral administration of chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating the PEDV S1 protein.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Inactivated Type 'O' Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Encapsulated in Chitosan Nanoparticles Induced Protective Immune Response in Guinea Pigs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Pyroptosis: Induction and inhibition strategies for immunotherapy of diseases.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Review
- Applications of Chitosan in Prevention and Treatment Strategies of Infectious Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Recent Developments in Aerosol Pulmonary Drug Delivery: New Technologies, New Cargos, and New Targets.Annual review of biomedical engineering · 2024Review
- Engineering customized nanovaccines for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- Nanotechnology of inhalable vaccines for enhancing mucosal immunity.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Review
- The Application of Nanovaccines in Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Nanoparticles and Antiviral Vaccines.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Review
- Recent progress in application of nanovaccines for enhancing mucosal immune responses.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Review
- Review
- Natural Polymeric Composites Derived from Animals, Plants, and Microbes for Vaccine Delivery and Adjuvant Applications: A Review.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Recent advances in respiratory immunization: A focus on COVID-19 vaccines.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2023Review
- Biomaterials for intranasal and inhaled vaccine delivery.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with several antigenic variants, has grown into a global challenge, and the rapid establishment of an immune barrier is crucial to achieving long-term control of the virus. This has led to a great demand for easy preparation and scalable vaccines, especially in low-income countries. Here, we present an inhalable nanovaccine comprising chitosan and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The chitosan-mediated nanovaccine enabled a strong spike-specific antibody immune response and augmented local mucosal immunity in bronchoalveolar lavage and lungs, which might be capable of protecting the host from infection without systemic toxicity. In addition, the enhanced adaptive immunity stimulated by chitosan showed potential protection against SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, inhalation of the nanovaccine induced a comparable antibody response compared to intramuscular injection. This inhalable nanovaccine against SARS-CoV-2 offers a convenient and compliant strategy to reduce the use of needles and the need for medical staff. Electronic Supplementary Material: Supplementary material (the immune activation of CS-mediated nanovacccine on BMDCs, cell viability, immune responses in lungs and BALF, serum chemistry and H&E histopathological analysis.) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-021-4012-9.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.