ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
The Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: Insights Learned From Adult Patients With Common Variable Immune Deficiency.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccination should not be forgotten in patients receiving immunoglobulin replacement therapy.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Impaired mucosal IgA response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with inborn errors of immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- An Overview of the Strategies to Boost SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immunity in People with Inborn Errors of Immunity.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Back to the Future: Immune Protection or Enhancement of Future Coronaviruses.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Safety and Immunogenicity After Primary and Booster Inactivated SARS-Cov-2 Vaccination in Patients with Autoimmune Liver Diseases.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2024Article
- COVID-19 vaccination: challenges in the pediatric population.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- A First-in-Human Randomized Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Neutralization Profile of Two Investigational Long-Acting Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Functional CVIDs phenotype clusters identified by the integration of immune parameters after BNT162b2 boosters.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein targeted serology test results and their association with subsequent COVID-19-related outcomes.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and predisposing factors.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Durable CD8 T Cell Memory against SARS-CoV-2 by Prime/Boost and Multi-Dose Vaccination: Considerations on Inter-Dose Time Intervals.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Immunizing the imperfect immune system: Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in patients with inborn errors of immunity.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2022Review
- COVID-19 and Inborn Errors of Immunity.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Review
- COVID-19 infection and vaccination in immunodeficiency.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: Light at the End of the Long Pandemic Tunnel or Another False Dawn for Immunodeficient Patients?The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2022Article
- Predictors of seroconversion after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2022Article
- Mortality in Severe Antibody Deficiencies Patients during the First Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Vaccination and Monoclonal Antibodies Efficacy.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Antibody response following the third and fourth SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose in individuals with common variable immunodeficiency.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Observational
- The need for more holistic immune profiling in next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
CVID patients have an increased susceptibility to vaccine-preventable infections. The question on the potential benefits of immunization of CVID patients against SARS-CoV-2 offered the possibility to analyze the defective mechanisms of immune responses to a novel antigen. In CVID, as in immunocompetent subjects, the role of B and T cells is different between infected and vaccinated individuals. Upon vaccination, variable anti-Spike IgG responses have been found in different CVID cohorts. Immunization with two doses of mRNA vaccine did not generate Spike-specific classical memory B cells (MBCs) but atypical memory B cells (ATM) with low binding capacity to Spike protein. Spike-specific T-cells responses were also induced in CVID patients with a variable frequency, differently from specific T cells produced after multiple exposures to viral antigens following influenza virus immunization and infection. The immune response elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection was enhanced by subsequent immunization underlying the need to immunize convalescent COVID-19 CVID patients after recovery. In particular, immunization after SARS-Cov-2 infection generated Spike-specific classical memory B cells (MBCs) with low binding capacity to Spike protein and Spike-specific antibodies in a high percentage of CVID patients. The search for a strategy to elicit an adequate immune response post-vaccination in CVID patients is necessary. Since reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 has been documented, at present SARS-CoV-2 positive CVID patients might benefit from new preventing strategy based on administration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.