ReviewJournal of clinical gastroenterology2022
Bacterial and Fungal Gut Dysbiosis and Clostridium difficile in COVID-19: A Review.
Review in Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of the Prophylactic Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics Against COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Clinical medicine & research · 2024Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation for viral diseases: A systematic review of clinical trials.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Serum level of TNF-a, IL-1 and IL-6 and serum biomarkers after nutritional change in patients' ventilator-associated pneumonia.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2025Article
- Article
- COVID-19 andAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Acute neutrophilic vasculitis (leukocytoclasia) in 36 COVID-19 autopsy brains.Diagnostic pathology · 2024Article
- What Makes the Gut-Lung Axis Working? From the Perspective of Microbiota and Traditional Chinese Medicine.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2024Review
- COVID-19 Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Hospitalized Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis Using the National Inpatient Sample.Gastroenterology research · 2023Article
- Article
- COVID-19 andInfectious disease reports · 2023Article
- Case Report: Oral and fecal microbiota in a super-donor: the healthy microbiota paradigm for fecal transplantation.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2023Article
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients Co-Infected with SARS-CoV2 andBiomedicines · 2022Article
- Xylan Prebiotics and the Gut Microbiome Promote Health and Wellbeing: Potential Novel Roles for Pentosan Polysulfate.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Gastrointestinal symptoms and the severity of COVID-19: Disorders of gut-brain interaction are an outcome.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2022Article
- Long-Term Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on In-Hospital Antibiotic Consumption and Antibiotic Resistance: A Time Series Analysis (2015-2021).Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Review
- The Concept of Intrauterine Programming and the Development of the Neonatal Microbiome in the Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Nutrients · 2022Review
- COVID-19 Spotlights Connections between Disease and Multiple Lifestyle Factors.American journal of lifestyle medicineReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGastrointestinal symptoms are common in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), related to infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) of intestinal cells through the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in the brush border. Also, patients are treated with multiple antibiotics. Therefore, an increase in gut dysbiosis and in the prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is expected in patients with COVID-19.
methodsA PubMed search was conducted using the terms "gut microbiota," "gut mycobiota," "dysbiosis" AND "COVID-19"; "Clostridium difficile," "Clostridioides difficile" AND "COVID-19"; "probiotics," "bacteriotherapy AND COVID-19." Only case series, observational and experimental studies were included.
resultsA total of 384 papers were retrieved and 21 fulfilled selection criteria. Later, a new paper was identified, thus 22 papers were reviewed. Main findings: (1) gut bacterial dysbiosis has been found in fecal samples of COVID-19 patients, with enrichment of opportunistic organisms and decrease of beneficial commensals such as Faecalibacterium prausnitizii. Dysbiosis is related to inflammatory markers and illness severity. (2) There is evidence for abnormal gut barrier and bacterial translocation with a negative impact in the lungs. (3) Fungal dysbiosis correlating with pulmonary mycobiota, has also been found. (4) There is controversy in the CDI rates among COVID-19 patients versus controls and pandemic versus prepandemic era. (5) There is no available evidence yet to support bacteriotherapy in COVID-19. (6) Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been proposed for COVID-19, although there is no evidence to support it. Also, FMT can be safely used during the pandemic for CDI if strict screening protocols for donors and fecal product are implemented.
conclusionsIn COVID-19 there is bacterial and fungal dysbiosis that correlates with systemic and pulmonary inflammation, and illness severity. Further investigations are warranted to determine the efficacy of bacteriotherapy and FMT for modulating gut dysbiosis in COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.