SynthesisPsychiatry and clinical neurosciences2022
Understanding source monitoring subtypes and their relation to psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Examining the relationships between cognition and auditory hallucinations: A systematic review.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Hallucination Proneness is Linked to Over-Reliance on Internal Priors for Noisy Speech.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Article
- Multidimensionality of hallucination-like experiences: A factor structure refinement of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2025Article
- Anosognosia in schizophrenia.CNS spectrums · 2024Review
- Impact of minimal self disorders on naturalistic episodic memory in first-episode psychosis and parallels in healthy individuals with schizotypal traits.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Unraveling the brain mechanisms of source monitoring with non-invasive brain stimulation: A systematic review.International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHPArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsSource monitoring (SM) is the metacognitive ability to determine the origin of one's experiences. SM is altered in primary psychiatric psychosis, although relationships between SM subtypes, other cognitive domains and symptoms are unclear. Our aims were to synthesize evidence comparing psychosis -with and without hallucinations- and healthy controls classifying SM subtypes by source discrimination (internal/external/reality monitoring) and stimulus modality (visual/auditory/imagined/performed).
methodsThis systematic review adopted Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes guidelines. Core demographical and clinical parameters were extracted. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as quality check. SM differences between (i) psychosis patients versus healthy controls and (ii) patients with versus without hallucinations were investigated via random-effect model meta-analysis. The primary effect size measure was standardized mean difference (SMD) in each SM subtype performance (error or accuracy). Heterogeneity, publication biases and meta-regressions were assessed.
resultsFive thousand two hundred and fifty-six records were screened to finally include 44 studies (1566 patients, 1175 controls). Mean Newcastle-Ottawa score was 7.41 out of 9. Few studies measured SM associations with cognition (n = 9) and symptoms (n = 19), with heterogeneous findings. SM performance across all measures was reduced in psychosis versus healthy controls (SMD = 0.458). Internal SM (SMD: errors = 0.513; accuracy = 0.733) and imagined stimuli (SMD: errors = 0.688; accuracy = 0.978) were specifically impaired. Patients with versus without hallucinations showed SM deficits only for externalizing (SMD = 0.410) and imagined/auditory (SMD = 0.498/0.277) errors.
conclusionThe proposed classifications highlight specific SM deficits for internal/imagined stimuli in psychosis, providing evidence-based indications to design and interpret future studies.
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