Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35124388›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2022

Perceived racial and social class discrimination and cannabis involvement among Black youth and young adults.

Manik Ahuja, Angela M Haeny, Carolyn E Sartor, Kathleen K Bucholz

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
8.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. Family wealth and adolescent physical health.Health psychology review · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Manik AhujaDepartment of Health Services Management and Policy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States. Electronic address: ahujam@etsu.edu.
Angela M HaenyDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
Carolyn E SartorDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, United States.
Kathleen K BucholzDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, United States.
Yale University · US

Funding

Research Training Program in Substance Use PreventionT32DA019426 · NIDA · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI TAMI P SULLIVAN · 2005 to 2026
$7.5M
Alcoholism: Epidemiologic High Risk Family Study - MOFAMR01AA012640 · NIAAA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI BUCHOLZ, KATHLEEN KEENAN · 2001 to 2011
$6.3M
Transdisciplinary Training in Addictions ResearchT32DA015035 · NIDA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Leopoldo J Cabassa, Patricia A Cavazos-Rehg · 2002 to 2026
$5.3M
Distinctions between black and white young women in the course of alcohol useR01AA023549 · NIAAA · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SARTOR, CAROLYN E · 2015 to 2018
$1.3M
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA012640NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA023549NIDA NIH HHS L30 DA049246NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA015035NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA019426
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe current study examines the association of perceived racial and social class discrimination with cannabis involvement among Black youth and young adults.

methodsThis secondary analysis used data from the Missouri Family Study (MOFAM), a high-risk longitudinal family study of alcohol use disorder, oversampled for Black families. Offspring (n = 806) and their mothers were interviewed by telephone. Cox proportional hazards regression analyzes were used to examine associations of racial and social class discrimination (experienced by offspring and their mothers) with offspring cannabis involvement. Two stages of cannabis involvement were analyzed: timing of 1) initiation and 2) transition from initiation to first cannabis use disorder (CUD) symptom.

resultsThe study found that offspring report of experiencing racial (HR: 1.28, CI: 1.01-1.62) and social class discrimination (HR: 1.45, CI: 1.14-1.84) were associated with cannabis initiation in our fully adjusted model. Mothers' report of discrimination predicted a lower hazard of cannabis initiation among offspring (HR: 0.79, CI: 0.64-0.98). Offspring social class discrimination (HR: 2.45, CI: 1.71-3.51) predicted an increased hazard of transition from initiation to first CUD symptom, while offspring racial discrimination (HR: 0.57, CI: 0.39-0.85) was associated with lower hazard of transition in our fully adjusted model.

conclusionsAs rates for cannabis use among Black youth are disproportionately rising, there is a critical need to identify pathways to its use among Black youth. These findings suggest racial and social class discrimination may be important targets in efforts to prevent cannabis involvement among Black youth and emerging adults.

Indexed as

CannabisRacismAdolescentBlack or African AmericanBlack PeopleHumansSocial ClassYoung AdultAfrican Americans and cannabis involvementCannabis initiationRacial discrimination and cannabisRacial discrimination and drug useSocial class discrimination and drug use

Identifiers

PMID35124388
PMCPMC10228548
OpenAlexW4206311003

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.