ArticleThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2022
Estimating the effect of vaccination on antimicrobial-resistant typhoid fever in 73 countries supported by Gavi: a mathematical modelling study.
Article in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of water, sanitation, and hygiene with typhoid fever in case-control studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- The validity of test-negative design for assessment of typhoid conjugate vaccine protection: comparison of estimates by different study designs using data from a cluster-randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of typhoid conjugate vaccine: final analysis of a 4-year, phase 3, randomised controlled trial in Malawian children.Lancet (London, England) · 2024Trial
- Prolonged fever in ESBL-producingRadiology case reports · 2026Article
- Immunotherapeutic modalities for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria: therapeutic promises of antibodies and next-generation vaccines.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia Coli and Salmonella in poultry production and spread and effect in the one health framework.Poultry science · 2026Review
- The missing link in combating antimicrobial resistance: leveraging vaccines for prevention.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
- Phase II multicentre double-blind randomised controlled trial of a Bivalent VaccInation againstBMJ open · 2026Article
- Examining epidemiological models and economic analyses of typhoid conjugate vaccine: A scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Burden of typhoid fever and antimicrobial resistance in India (2023): a modelling study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- The global economic burden of antibiotic-resistant infections and the potential impact of bacterial vaccines: a modelling study.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Article
- Genomic insights into the role of Salmonella Typhi carriers in antimicrobial resistance and typhoid transmission in Urban Kenya.PloS one · 2025Article
- Typhoid conjugate vaccine implementation in India: A review of supportive evidence.Vaccine: X · 2024Review
- Routine immunization againstThe Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Article
- The global burden of enteric fever, 2017-2021: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2021.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Estimating the subnational prevalence of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A infections in 75 endemic countries, 1990-2019: a modelling study.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Article
- Climate change affects the spread of typhoid pathogens.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Article
- Numerical investigation of a typhoid disease model in fuzzy environment.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Routine Pediatric Surgical Emergencies: Incidence, Morbidity, and Mortality During the 1st 8000 Days of Life-A Narrative Review.World journal of surgery · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMultidrug resistance and fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility (FQNS) are major concerns for the epidemiology and treatment of typhoid fever. The 2018 prequalification of the first typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) by WHO provides an opportunity to limit the transmission and burden of antimicrobial-resistant typhoid fever.
methodsWe combined output from mathematical models of typhoid transmission with estimates of antimicrobial resistance from meta-analyses to predict the burden of antimicrobial-resistant typhoid fever across 73 lower-income countries eligible for support from Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. We considered FQNS and multidrug resistance separately. The effect of vaccination was predicted on the basis of forecasts of vaccine coverage. We explored how the potential effect of vaccination on the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance varied depending on key model parameters.
findingsThe introduction of routine immunisation with TCV at age 9 months with a catch-up campaign up to age 15 years was predicted to avert 46-74% of all typhoid fever cases in 73 countries eligible for Gavi support. Vaccination was predicted to reduce the relative prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant typhoid fever by 16% (95% prediction interval [PI] 0-49). TCV introduction with a catch-up campaign was predicted to avert 42·5 million (95% PI 24·8-62·8 million) cases and 506 000 (95% PI 187 000-1·9 million) deaths caused by FQNS typhoid fever, and 21·2 million (95% PI 16·4-26·5 million) cases and 342 000 (95% PI 135 000-1·5 million) deaths from multidrug-resistant typhoid fever over 10 years following introduction.
interpretationOur results indicate the benefits of prioritising TCV introduction for countries with a high avertable burden of antimicrobial-resistant typhoid fever.
fundingThe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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