ReviewInternational immunopharmacology2022
A review on evolution of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants based on spike glycoprotein.
Review in International immunopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mass spectrometry-based mapping of conformational epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 antigens targeted by monoclonal antibodies.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2026Article
- Comprehensive whole-genome characterization of SARS-CoV-2 strains in Jining China 2024-2025.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Strategies and efforts in circumventing the emergence of antiviral resistance against conventional antivirals.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- Article
- Virological Aspects of COVID-19 in Patients with Hematological Malignancies: Duration of Viral Shedding and Genetic Analysis.Viruses · 2024Article
- Optimizing next-generation sequencing efficiency in clinical settings: analysis of read length impact on cost and performance.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Effects of physical training on coagulation parameters, interleukin-6, and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 in COVID-19 survivors.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Alisol B 23-acetate broadly inhibits coronavirus through blocking virus entry and suppresses proinflammatory T cells responses for the treatment of COVID-19.Journal of advanced research · 2024Article
- Review
- Comprehensive genomic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant BA.2.76 in Jining City, China, 2022.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Identification of Hammerhead-variant ribozyme sequences in SARS-CoV-2.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- The RdRp genotyping of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from patients with different clinical spectrum of COVID-19.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Isolated Depo-Medrol Administration under Tenon's Capsule for Post-COVID-19 Uveitis in a Child: A Case Report and Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Genetic diversity and genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 during the first 3 years of the pandemic in Morocco: comprehensive sequence analysis, including the unique lineage B.1.528 in Morocco.Access microbiology · 2024Article
- Rapid monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern through high-resolution melt analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Comparative Computational Analysis of Spike Protein Structural Stability in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Differential Transcriptomic Landscapes of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Multiple Organs from Infected Rhesus Macaques.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2023Article
- Article
- Endogenous piRNAs Can Interact with the Omicron Variant of the SARS-CoV-2 Genome.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Article
- Update on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines on different variants of SARS-CoV-2.International immunopharmacology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since the inception of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019, many variants have emerged over time. Some of these variants have resulted in transmissibility changes of the virus and may also have impact on diagnosis, therapeutics and even vaccines, thereby raising particular concerns in the scientific community. The variants which have mutations in Spike glycoprotein are the primary focus as it is the main target for neutralising antibodies. SARS-CoV-2 is known to infect human through Spike glycoprotein and uses receptor-binding domain (RBD) to bind to the ACE2 receptor in human. Thus, it is of utmost importance to study these variants and their corresponding mutations. Such 12 different important variants identified so far are B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), B.1.525 (Eta), B.1.427/B.1.429 (Epsilon), B.1.526 (Iota), B.1.617.1 (Kappa), B.1.617.2 (Delta), C.37 (Lambda), P.1 (Gamma), P.2 (Zeta), P.3 (Theta) and the recently discovered B.1.1.529 (Omicron). These variants have 84 unique mutations in Spike glycoprotein. To analyse such mutations, multiple sequence alignment of 77681 SARS-CoV-2 genomes of 98 countries over the period from January 2020 to July 2021 is performed followed by phylogenetic analysis. Also, characteristics of new emerging variants are elaborately discussed. The individual evolution of these mutation points and the respective variants are visualised and their characteristics are also reported. Moreover, to judge the characteristics of the non-synonymous mutation points (substitutions), their biological functions are evaluated by PolyPhen-2 while protein structural stability is evaluated using I-Mutant 2.0.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.