ReviewActa ophthalmologica2022
Video display terminal use and dry eye: preventive measures and future perspectives.
Review in Acta ophthalmologica, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of visual fatigue based on visual display terminals.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of six weeks of dynamic cervical PNF training on neck disability index in men with video display terminal syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Performance of a Toric, Monthly, Soft Contact Lens in Digital Device Users.Clinical optometry · 2025Trial
- Association between information overload, asthenopia, and depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with lung cancer: A computer-simulated network analysis.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2026Article
- Consensus on Diagnostic Criteria, Clinical Symptoms, and Risk Factors for Visual Fatigue: A Modified Delphi Study.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- BlinkNet-Q: A Deep Learning-Based Software for Real-Time Blink Rate Quantification and Incomplete-Blink Pattern Recognition.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Review
- The Reciprocal Relationship Between Blinking and Non-invasive Tear Break-up Time (NI-BUT): A Pilot Study Toward Personalised Tear Film Stability Interpretation.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Observational
- Regional Tear Film Quality Changes Across Eye Gaze Directions Revealed by Spatial Mapping and Threshold Sensitivity Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Objective Assessment of Visual Workload in Video Display Terminal Workers Using a Non-Invasive Monitoring System.La Medicina del lavoro · 2026Observational
- Advances in Pharmacotherapy and Physiotherapy for Dry Eye Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Future Directions-A Narrative Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Epidemiological study of dry eye disease in Gansu Province based on mathematical modeling: analysis of regional population characteristics and identification of risk factors.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Methodology and enrollment findings of the Beijing adult dry eye cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Diquafosol ophthalmic solution on ocular surface parameters in visual display terminal-associated dry eye disease.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- The Influence of Chalazion History on Meibomian Gland Loss and DED.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Impact of tablet's correlated color temperature on ocular and visual function in myopic children: a pilot study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Dry Eye: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenic Mechanisms and Implications for Targeted Therapy.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Management of Dry Eye Disease with Artificial Tears Containing Hyaluronic Acid and Trehalose: A Narrative Review.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Observational
- Sphingomyelin Synthase 2 Deletion Mitigates Oxidative Stress-Induced NF-κB Activation via Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming in Dry Eye Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDry eye disease (DED) is a common cause of ocular pain and discomfort. Dry eye disease (DED) stems from a loss-of-tear film homeostasis and is frequently seen in video display terminal (VDT) users. Video display terminal (VDT) use reduces blink rates and increases incomplete blinks, leading to tear film instability and ocular inflammation, promoting DED. PURPOSE: To assess and evaluate the methods for preventing VDT-associated DED and ocular discomfort.
methodsStudies were found using PubMed and Embase with the search terms: (digital visual terminal* OR computer use OR screen use OR smartphone OR display OR visual display terminal* OR computer vision syndrome OR tablet OR phone OR screen time) AND (dry eye OR DED).
resultsThirty-one relevant articles were found. Ten described single-visit studies, whereas 21 had a prolonged follow-up. Most preventive measures of VDT-associated DED aimed to increase blink rate or directly prevent tear film instability, ocular inflammation, mucin loss or ocular surface damage. Using an adjustable chair and ergonomic training, blink animations and omega-3 supplementation improved signs and symptoms of VDT-associated DED. Taking frequent breaks was associated with fewer symptoms, but no study assessed the commonly suggested 20-20-20 rule.
conclusionPreventive measures, such as blink animation programmes, oral intake of omega-3 fatty acids and improved ergonomics act on different parts of the vicious cycle of dry eye and could supplement each other. A comparison of the efficacy of the different interventions as well as more evidence of the effect of increased humidity, VDT filters and ergonomic practices, are required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.