ArticleNature cancer2020
Trispecific antibodies enhance the therapeutic efficacy of tumor-directed T cells through T cell receptor co-stimulation.
Article in Nature cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 167 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
167 citing papers in PubMed, 243 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phase 1/1b open-label, first-in-human study of HER2×CD3×CD28 trispecific T-cell engager (SAR443216) in participants with R/R HER2-expressing solid tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Mechanisms, optimization strategies, and salvage options for CAR-T cell therapy.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- From T cell engagers to next-generation immune cell engagers for cancer immunotherapy.Antibody therapeutics · 2026Review
- T cell engagers in autoimmune diseases.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Granzyme B, HIF-1α, VEGFA and SerpinB9 in the local tumour immune system of immune-stimulated slice cultures of head and neck cancer.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies for myeloid malignancies: Targets, formats, and clinical challenges.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Review
- Host cell protein impurities in therapeutic proteins: overview of advances in detection, nonconventional removal technologies and immunogenicity assessment.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Review
- Review
- Targeting of CD28 and CD38 as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for peripheral T-cell lymphomas.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis in cancer immunotherapy: research and perspectives.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Targeting BCMA in multiple myeloma with a trifunctional NK cell engager.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Identification and Nonclinical Characterization of SAR444200, a Novel Anti-GPC3 NANOBODY T-cell Engager, for the Treatment of GPC3+ Solid Tumors.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2026Article
- The safety and efficacy of bispecific T-cell engagers (TCEs) in patients with glioma.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- HIV- and cytomegalovirus-specific human memory CD8+ T cells are activated and expanded independent of co-stimulatory signaling by T-cell receptor-specific immunotherapeutics.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- A review on toxicities of T-cell engager-based therapies in solid tumors.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2026Review
- Advancing immunotherapy via multiple immune cells co-engagement.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Emerging precision medicine in multiple myeloma: clinical and preclinical landscape of T cell, natural killer cell, and macrophages engaging multi-specific antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Bispecific and multispecific T-cell engagers: advancing the future of immunotherapy.Antibody therapeutics · 2026Review
- The trinity of T cell engagement: navigating the molecular and clinical landscape of CAR-T, TILs, and TCEs in the war against cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Revolutionizing cancer immunotherapy: T cell engagers beyond hematologic malignancies toward solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
107 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
36 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the significant therapeutic advances provided by immune-checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell treatments, many malignancies remain unresponsive to immunotherapy. Bispecific antibodies targeting tumor antigens and activating T cell receptor signaling have shown some clinical efficacy; however, providing co-stimulatory signals may improve T cell responses against tumors. Here, we developed a trispecific antibody that interacts with CD38, CD3 and CD28 to enhance both T cell activation and tumor targeting. The engagement of both CD3 and CD28 affords efficient T cell stimulation, whereas the anti-CD38 domain directs T cells to myeloma cells, as well as to certain lymphomas and leukemias. In vivo administration of this antibody suppressed myeloma growth in a humanized mouse model and also stimulated memory/effector T cell proliferation and reduced regulatory T cells in non-human primates at well-tolerated doses. Collectively, trispecific antibodies represent a promising platform for cancer immunotherapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.