Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35121669›Full record

ArticleNeurology2022

Cognitive Reserve and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Predictors and Rates of Reversion to Intact Cognition vs Progression to Dementia.

Maryam Iraniparast, Yidan Shi, Ying Wu, Leilei Zeng, Colleen J Maxwell, Richard J Kryscio, Philip D St John, Karen S SantaCruz, Suzanne L Tyas

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed
8.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Cognitive reserve and everyday functioning in cognitively unimpaired older adults: evidence from the CAN-PROTECT study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026
    Article
  2. Interaction of FXTAS Family History and College Degree Attainment Predicts Trajectories of Cognitive and Motor Symptoms in FMR1 Premutation Carrier Women.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2026
    Article
  3. Association Between Cognitively Stimulating Activities and Cognitive Function in Older Adults Living in Residential Care Homes.Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. The Nun Study: Insights from 30 years of aging and dementia research.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Maryam IraniparastFrom the School of Public Health Sciences (M.I., C.J.M., S.L.T.), Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science (Y.S., Y.W., L.Z.), and School of Pharmacy (C.J.M.), University of Waterloo, Canada; School of Statistics and Data Science (Y.W.), Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (R.J.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine (P.D.S.), and Centre on Aging (P.D.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (K.S.S.), University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque.ORCID 0000-0003-0085-2206
Yidan ShiFrom the School of Public Health Sciences (M.I., C.J.M., S.L.T.), Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science (Y.S., Y.W., L.Z.), and School of Pharmacy (C.J.M.), University of Waterloo, Canada; School of Statistics and Data Science (Y.W.), Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (R.J.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine (P.D.S.), and Centre on Aging (P.D.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (K.S.S.), University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque.ORCID 0000-0002-3190-6724
Ying WuFrom the School of Public Health Sciences (M.I., C.J.M., S.L.T.), Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science (Y.S., Y.W., L.Z.), and School of Pharmacy (C.J.M.), University of Waterloo, Canada; School of Statistics and Data Science (Y.W.), Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (R.J.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine (P.D.S.), and Centre on Aging (P.D.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (K.S.S.), University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque.ORCID 0000-0002-5635-8090
Leilei ZengFrom the School of Public Health Sciences (M.I., C.J.M., S.L.T.), Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science (Y.S., Y.W., L.Z.), and School of Pharmacy (C.J.M.), University of Waterloo, Canada; School of Statistics and Data Science (Y.W.), Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (R.J.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine (P.D.S.), and Centre on Aging (P.D.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (K.S.S.), University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque.ORCID 0000-0002-2336-7249
Colleen J MaxwellFrom the School of Public Health Sciences (M.I., C.J.M., S.L.T.), Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science (Y.S., Y.W., L.Z.), and School of Pharmacy (C.J.M.), University of Waterloo, Canada; School of Statistics and Data Science (Y.W.), Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (R.J.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine (P.D.S.), and Centre on Aging (P.D.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (K.S.S.), University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque.ORCID 0000-0002-7988-2899
Richard J KryscioFrom the School of Public Health Sciences (M.I., C.J.M., S.L.T.), Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science (Y.S., Y.W., L.Z.), and School of Pharmacy (C.J.M.), University of Waterloo, Canada; School of Statistics and Data Science (Y.W.), Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (R.J.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine (P.D.S.), and Centre on Aging (P.D.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (K.S.S.), University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque.
Philip D St JohnFrom the School of Public Health Sciences (M.I., C.J.M., S.L.T.), Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science (Y.S., Y.W., L.Z.), and School of Pharmacy (C.J.M.), University of Waterloo, Canada; School of Statistics and Data Science (Y.W.), Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (R.J.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine (P.D.S.), and Centre on Aging (P.D.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (K.S.S.), University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque.
Karen S SantaCruzFrom the School of Public Health Sciences (M.I., C.J.M., S.L.T.), Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science (Y.S., Y.W., L.Z.), and School of Pharmacy (C.J.M.), University of Waterloo, Canada; School of Statistics and Data Science (Y.W.), Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (R.J.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine (P.D.S.), and Centre on Aging (P.D.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (K.S.S.), University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque.
Suzanne L TyasFrom the School of Public Health Sciences (M.I., C.J.M., S.L.T.), Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science (Y.S., Y.W., L.Z.), and School of Pharmacy (C.J.M.), University of Waterloo, Canada; School of Statistics and Data Science (Y.W.), Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging (R.J.K.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine (P.D.S.), and Centre on Aging (P.D.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (K.S.S.), University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque. styas@uwaterloo.ca.ORCID 0000-0003-3007-3940
University of Kentucky · US

Funding

University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterP30AG072946 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI LINDA J VAN ELDIK · 2021 to 2026
$23.5M
TRAINING AND INFORMATION TRANSFER COREP50AG005144 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI MARKESBERY, WILLIAM R · 1985 to 2005
$8.9M
INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT LIFE IN THE ELDERLYR01AG009862 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI SNOWDON, DAVID A. · 1990 to 2006
$6.1M
Role of impaired cognitive states & risk factors in conversion to mixed dementiasR01AG038651 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI ABNER, ERIN, KRYSCIO, RICHARD J. · 2011 to 2023
$6.1M
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072946NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005144NIA NIH HHS R01 AG009862NIA NIH HHS R01 AG038651
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesLittle is known about the effect of education or other indicators of cognitive reserve on the rate of reversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to normal cognition (NC) or the relative rate (RR) of reversion from MCI to NC vs progression from MCI to dementia. Our objectives were to (1) estimate transition rates from MCI to NC and dementia and (2) determine the effect of age,

methodsWe estimated instantaneous transition rates between NC, MCI, and dementia after accounting for transition to death across up to 12 assessments in the Nun Study, a cohort study of religious sisters aged 75+ years. We estimated RRs of reversion vs progression for age,

resultsOf the 619 participants, 472 were assessed with MCI during the study period. Of these 472, 143 (30.3%) experienced at least one reverse transition to NC, and 120 of the 143 (83.9%) never developed dementia (mean follow-up = 8.6 years). In models adjusted for age group and DISCUSSION: Knowledge of frequent reversion from MCI to NC may alleviate concerns of inevitable cognitive decline in those with MCI. Identification of characteristics predicting the rate of reversion from MCI to NC vs progression from MCI to dementia may guide population-level interventions targeting these characteristics to prevent or postpone MCI and dementia. Research on cognitive trajectories would benefit from incorporating predictors of reverse transitions and competing events, such as death, into statistical modeling. These results may inform the design and interpretation of MCI clinical trials, given that a substantial proportion of participants may experience improvement without intervention.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionCognitive ReserveDementiaAgedCognitionCohort StudiesDisease ProgressionHumansNeuropsychological Tests

Identifiers

PMID35121669
PMCPMC8935444
OpenAlexW4210744170

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.