ArticleNeuron2022
Co-packaging of opposing neurotransmitters in individual synaptic vesicles in the central nervous system.
Article in Neuron, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- What Dale never said: multiple incarnations of Dale's law from the birth of pharmacology to modeling brain circuits.Journal of neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Synaptotagmin isoforms differentially regulate glutamate and GABA release in the lateral habenula.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Formation, Organization, and Maintenance of Synaptic Vesicle Pools: From Molecules to Structure and Dynamics.Advances in neurobiology · 2026Review
- Chemical multiplexing in the nervous system: molecular architecture, functional stratification, and pathophysiological plasticity of neuropeptide-classical neurotransmitter cotransmission.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Circuit-specific remodeling of synaptic co-transmission in stress-responsive networks.Animal cells and systems · 2026Review
- Neurotransmitter co-transmission: synaptic architectures, functional logic, and emerging tools.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- GABA-glutamate corelease is a mechanism for state-dependent neurotransmission.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Genetically-encoded markers for confocal visualization of single dense core vesicles.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Dopamine-Glutamate and Dopamine-GABA Co-release.Advances in neurobiology · 2025Review
- Pleiotropic neurotransmitters: neurotransmitter-receptor crosstalk regulates excitation-inhibition balance in social brain functions and pathologies.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Self-supervised learning analysis of multi-FISH labeled cell-type map in thick brain slices.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Article
- Widespread co-release of glutamate and GABA throughout the mouse brain.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Genetically-encoded markers for confocal visualization of single dense core vesicles.Research square · 2024Article
- Axonal neurotransmitter release in the regulation of myelination.Bioscience reports · 2024Review
- Review
- Article
- Prevalent co-release of glutamate and GABA throughout the mouse brain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- A high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial atlas of cell types in the whole mouse brain.Nature · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Many mammalian neurons release multiple neurotransmitters to activate diverse classes of postsynaptic ionotropic receptors. Entopeduncular nucleus somatostatin (EP Sst+) projection neurons to the lateral habenula (LHb) release both glutamate and GABA, but it is unclear whether these are packaged into the same or segregated pools of synaptic vesicles. Here, we describe a method combining electrophysiology, spatially patterned optogenetics, and computational modeling designed to analyze the mechanism of glutamate/GABA co-release in mouse brain. We find that the properties of postsynaptic currents elicited in LHb neurons by optogenetically activating EP Sst+ terminals are only consistent with co-packaging of glutamate/GABA into individual vesicles. Furthermore, presynaptic neuromodulators that weaken EP Sst+ to LHb synapses maintain the co-packaging of glutamate/GABA while reducing vesicular release probability. Our approach is applicable to the study of multi-transmitter neurons throughout the brain, and our results constrain the mechanisms of neuromodulation and synaptic integration in LHb.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.