ArticleBMC women's health2022
Cardiometabolic risk factors, physical activity, and postmenopausal breast cancer mortality: results from the Women's Health Initiative.
Article in BMC women's health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effects of Post-diagnosis Recreational Aerobic Exercise among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review/Meta-Analysis.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Exercise and survival benefit in cancer patients: evidence from a comprehensive meta-analysis.GeroScience · 2025Pooled it
- Accelerometer-measured physical activity, sedentary behavior, and mortality among cancer survivors: the Women's Health Accelerometry Collaboration.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2025Article
- Exercise and cardiovascular health among breast cancer survivors: a scoping review of current observational evidence.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2025Review
- Narrative review of lifestyle interventions in breast cancer survivors: current evidence and future directions.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2024Review
- Depressive symptoms and physical activity among young adult survivors of childhood cancer.Psycho-oncology · 2023Article
- Association between insulin resistance and cardiac remodeling in HER2-positive breast cancer patients: a real-world study.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- A review of research on the intersection between breast cancer and cardiovascular research in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI).Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 13 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHigher physical activity levels are associated with lower breast cancer-specific mortality. In addition, the metabolic syndrome is associated with higher breast cancer-specific mortality. Whether the physical activity association with breast cancer mortality is modified by number of metabolic syndrome components (cardiometabolic risk factors) in postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer remains unknown.
methodsCardiovascular risk factors included high waist circumference, hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes. Breast cancers were verified by medical record review. Mortality finding were enhanced by serial National Death Index queries. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate associations between baseline physical activity and subsequent breast cancer-specific and overall mortality following breast cancer diagnosis in Women's Health Initiative participants. These associations were examined after stratifying by cardiometabolic risk factor group.
resultsAmong 161,308 Women's Health Initiative (WHI) participants, 8543 breast cancers occurred after 9.5 years (median) follow-up in women, additionally with information on cardiometabolic risk factors and physical activity at entry. In multi-variable analyses, as measured from cancer diagnosis, higher physical activity levels were associated with lower all-cause mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78-0.95, trend P < 0.001) but not with breast cancer-specific mortality (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.04, trend P = 0.09). The physical activity and all-cause mortality association was not significantly modified by cardiometabolic risk factor number.
conclusionsAmong women with early-stage breast cancer, although higher antecedent physical activity was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality, the association did not differ by cardiometabolic risk factor number.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.