SynthesisEuropean journal of epidemiology2022
Adiposity, diabetes, lifestyle factors and risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a Mendelian randomization study.
Synthesis in European journal of epidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between amino acids and gastroesophageal reflux disease: evidence from a mendelian randomization analysis combined with a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Alcohol Exposure and Disease Associations: A Mendelian Randomization and Meta-Analysis on Weekly Consumption and Problematic Drinking.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of sleeve gastrectomy with fundoplication versus standard sleeve gastrectomy in obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A randomised trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Trial
- Pharmacokinetics, mass balance, and metabolism of the novel potassium-competitive acid blocker JP-1366 in healthy Chinese adults following a single oral dose of [Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Trial
- Relationship between metabolic syndrome-related parameters and endoscopic classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a Japanese health checkup cohort study.Esophagus : official journal of the Japan Esophageal Society · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes during acute systemic stress.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Article
- Interpretable Machine Learning for LPR Risk Estimation: A Single-Center Retrospective Case-Control Study.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- The global, regional, and national patterns of change in the burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease, 1990-2021: An analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021 and forecast to 2036.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association · 2026Article
- Genetic evidence links alcohol, coffee, cheese, and anxiety to GERD risk: A Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- From body composition to reflux esophagitis: an interpretable machine learning model based on CT-derived features.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- FODMAP intake, gut microbiota, and gastroesophageal reflux disease: a triangulated study of Mendelian randomization and clinical validation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Genetic evidence linking gastroesophageal reflux disease to chronic kidney disease and kidney failure: a two-step Mendelian randomization study.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Development and validation of an early warning model for postoperative reflux in patients with esophageal cancer.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2025Article
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease and risk of atrial fibrillation/flutter: Implications for heart failure progression.ESC heart failure · 2025Article
- Habitual sweet and bitter beverage consumption in relation to the risk of frailty and sarcopenia-related traits: a Mendelian randomization study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Marijuana Use as a Lifestyle Factor Associated With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Complications.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Association between clinical and pulmonary function features and diagnosis of cough variant asthma: a case-control study.BMJ open · 2025Observational
- The Causal Correlation Between Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Chronic Widespread Pain: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adiposity, diabetes, and lifestyle factors are linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in observational studies. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to determine whether those associations are causal. Independent genetic variants associated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (with and without adjustment for BMI), type 2 diabetes, smoking, and alcohol, coffee and caffeine consumption at the genome-wide significance level were selected as instrumental variables. Summary-level data for GERD were available from a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 71,522 GERD cases and 261,079 controls of European descent from the UK Biobank and QSkin Sun and Health studies. The odds ratio (OR) of GERD was 1.49 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.40-1.60) for one standard deviation (SD) increase in BMI, 1.07 (95% CI, 1.04-1.10) for one-unit increase in log-transformed OR of type 2 diabetes, and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.31-1.52) for one SD increase in prevalence of smoking initiation. There were suggestive associations with GERD for higher genetically predicted waist circumference (OR per one SD increase, 1.14, 95% CI, 1.02-1.26) and caffeine consumption (OR per 80 mg increase, 1.08, 95% CI, 1.02-1.15). Genetically predicted waist circumference adjusted for BMI, alcohol or coffee consumption was not associated GERD. This study suggests causal roles of adiposity, diabetes, and smoking, and a possible role of high caffeine consumption in the development of GERD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.