SynthesisInternational urogynecology journal2022
The effectiveness of different electrical nerve stimulation protocols for treating adults with non-neurogenic overactive bladder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International urogynecology journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- 'BJUI Clinical Dilemma': the overactive bladder.BJU international · 2026Article
- Risk of subsequently developing lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with plantar fasciitis: A nationwide, population-based study.Medicine · 2025Observational
- Letter to the editor regarding the article "Effects of external neuromuscular electrical stimulation in women with urgency urinary incontinence: a randomized sham-controlled study".World journal of urology · 2024Article
- NeurostimML: a machine learning model for predicting neurostimulation-induced tissue damage.Journal of neural engineering · 2024Article
- NeurostimML: A machine learning model for predicting neurostimulation-induced tissue damage.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Rehabilitation care of patients with neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury: A literature review.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisElectrical nerve stimulation is a widely used treatment for overactive bladder but there is no consensus regarding the best placement of electrodes or protocols. We hypothesised that some non-implanted neurostimulation protocols would be more effective compared to others for treating urinary symptoms and improving quality of life among adults diagnosed with non-neurogenic overactive bladder.
methodsA systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials were performed in five electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Lilacs, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PEDro. The main outcome was urinary symptoms-frequency, nocturia, and urgency-and the secondary outcome quality of life. Some protocol characteristics were extracted, e.g., frequency, pulse width, intensity, intervention time, and electrode placement.
resultsNine randomized controlled trials were included. Tibial neurostimulation showed better results than sacral neurostimulation for urge incontinence (mean difference = 1.25 episodes, 95% CI, 0.12-2.38, n = 73). On the pooled analysis, the different neurostimulation protocols-intravaginal, percutaneous tibial, and transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation-demonstrated similar results for urinary frequency, nocturia, and urgency as well as quality of life. In general, effect sizes from meta-analyses were low to moderate. The best reported parameters for percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation were 20-Hz frequency and 200-μs width, once a week.
conclusionsThere was evidence that tibial neurostimulation is more effective than sacral neurostimulation for urge incontinence symptoms among patients with non-neurogenic overactive bladder. Overall, there was no superiority of an electrical nerve stimulation electrode placement and protocol over others considering urinary symptoms and quality of life. Further studies with three-arm trials are necessary. This study was registered at PROSPERO: CRD4201810071.
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