ReviewMolecular medicine reports2022
Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on neurobiological changes in Alzheimer's disease (Review).
Review in Molecular medicine reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for activities of daily living in Alzheimer's disease.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of noninvasive brain stimulation on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging: A systematic review and meta-analysis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- Deregulation of Synaptic Plasticity-Related MicroRNAs After Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Trial
- The Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients With Cognitive Impairment: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, and Sham Control Trial.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Trial
- Predicting the Beneficial Effects of Cognitive Stimulation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment with Clinical, Inflammation, and Human Microglia Exposed to Serum as Potential Markers: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Trial
- Targeting Pain and Depression in Alzheimer's Disease: Translational Insights and Emerging Treatments.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Role of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effects of Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation on Behavior and NMDA Receptor Subunits in the Trimethyltin-Induced Alzheimer's-like Disease Model.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- The applications of TMS in brain function assessment and treatment of mental disorders: a narrative review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Microstates and connectivity states reveal task-related network reorganization in Alzheimer's disease patients.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2026Article
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Dementia.Current aging science · 2026Review
- Feasibility of transcranial magnetic stimulation adjuvant therapy for chronic respiratory diseases: a narrative review.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Review
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation from healthy brain aging to Alzheimer's disease: a review on mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and future clinical directions.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Tau-Targeted Therapeutic Strategies: Mechanistic Targets, Clinical Pipelines, and Analysis of Failures.Cells · 2025Review
- EEG Microstates Signatures of rTMS Response Over the lDLPFC: A Band-Specific Analysis.Brain topography · 2025Article
- Differential effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for post-stroke cognitive impairment.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Therapeutic potential and mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Alzheimer's disease: a literature review.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Ultrasound-Induced Synchronized Neural Activities at 40 Hz and 200 Hz Entrained Corresponded Oscillations and Improve Alzheimer's Disease Memory.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Examining the effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on cognitive functions and functional brain markers in aged mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and brain neuronal loss. A pioneering field of research in AD is brain stimulation via electromagnetic fields (EMFs), which may produce clinical benefits. Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), have been developed to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders. The purpose of the present review is to identify neurobiological changes, including inflammatory, neurodegenerative, apoptotic, neuroprotective and genetic changes, which are associated with repetitive TMS (rTMS) treatment in patients with AD. Furthermore, it aims to evaluate the effect of TMS treatment in patients with AD and to identify the associated mechanisms. The present review highlights the changes in inflammatory and apoptotic mechanisms, mitochondrial enzymatic activities, and modulation of gene expression (microRNA expression profiles) associated with rTMS or sham procedures. At the molecular level, it has been suggested that EMFs generated by TMS may affect the cell redox status and amyloidogenic processes. TMS may also modulate gene expression by acting on both transcriptional and post‑transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. TMS may increase brain cortical excitability, induce specific potentiation phenomena, and promote synaptic plasticity and recovery of impaired functions; thus, it may re‑establish cognitive performance in patients with AD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.