SynthesisEndocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2022
RT-CGM in conjunction with CSII vs MDI in optimizing glycaemic control in T1DM: Systemic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in Insulin Infusion Set in the New Era of Automated Insulin Delivery: A Systematic Review.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2023Pooled it
- RT-CGM in conjunction with CSII vs MDI in optimizing glycaemic control in T1DM: Systemic review and meta-analysis.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of Short-Term Insulin Pump Therapy on Cardiometabolic Index in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- The impact of insulin pump therapy compared to multiple daily injections on complications and mortality in type 1 diabetes: A real-world retrospective cohort study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Impact on Glycemia Risk Index and other metrics in type 1 adult patients switching to Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop systems: a one-year real-life experience.European journal of medical research · 2024Observational
- MDI versus CSII in Chinese adults with type 1 diabetes in a real-world situation: based on propensity score matching method.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTo determine the impact of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) in conjunction with 'Open loop'- continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) as compared to conventional multiple daily injections (MDI) in type 1 diabetes.
methodsWe explored the COCHRANE database, MEDLINE, WEB OF SCIENCE, GOOGLE SCHOLARS, PUBMED, EMBASE, and cited literature in articles retrieved (2010-2021) for all randomized controlled trials and real-world trials of more than 6 months duration in patients with type 1 diabetes that compared RT-CGM+CSII vs RT- CGM+MDI. A total of 1645 publications have been identified; however, only 3 trials fulfilled our inclusion criteria with a total number of 150 patients (72 patients using RT-CGM+CSII and 78 patients on RT-CGM+MDI). A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis were carried out.
resultsNo statistically significant reduction in HbA1c was found on comparing RT-CGM+CSII vs RT- CGM + MDI, with p-value = .75. Likewise, impact on TIR, weight and insulin usage was found to be statistically insignificant with p-value of 0.15, 0.75 and 0.20 respectively. There was an overall homogeneity between the 3 trials in respect to all previous variables with I
conclusionsReal-time continuous glucose monitors in conjunction with MDI open-loop CSII had a similar impact on HbA1c, weight, insulin usage and TIR. In addition, RT-CGM when combined with CSII was associated with higher costs and reduced quality of life, hence RT- CGM+MDI can be considered as a cheaper, safer yet equivalent substitute. REVIEW REGISTRATION: This study was registered in PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews). Registration Name: RT-CGM in conjunction with CSII vs MDI in optimizing glycaemic control in T1DM: a systematic review. REGISTRATION NO: CRD42021255333. Accessible at: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021255333. Amendments: Few amendments to the above-mentioned registration were made: (1) Title (Meta-analysis was added). (2) Prof. Gleeson was added as an author. (3) Real-world trials were included. (4) Outcomes required in studies as per our inclusion criteria amended to include at least 1 outcome. (5) Bias risk was assessed by the CASP tool.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.