Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35118819›Full record

ArticleCancer medicine2022

Global burden of primary liver cancer by five etiologies and global prediction by 2035 based on global burden of disease study 2019.

Yuan Liu, Jinxin Zheng, Jialing Hao, Rang Rang Wang, Xueni Liu, Peng Gu, Hongwei Yu, Yang Yu, Chuanxing Wu, Baochi Ou and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Cancer medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
82citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

82 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  10. Gastrointestinal cancers in women: The role of sex hormones.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2026
    Review
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  14. A Mouse in vivo Model Mimicking MASH-Related HCC Pathogenesis.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026
    Article
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  19. Sex and gender disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma: insights into risk, diagnosis, and therapeutic outcomes.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025
    Review
  20. Article

22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Yuan Liu *Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Jinxin Zheng *Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Jialing Hao *Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9114-3231
Rang Rang WangShanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Xueni LiuShanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Peng GuShanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Hongwei YuShanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Yang YuShanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Chuanxing WuShanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Baochi OuThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Zhihai PengShanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Funding

Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China 81530044National Natural Science Foundation of China 82070677
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUsing data from the global burden of disease (GBD) between 1990 and 2019 to report the leading etiological factors and hazards for liver cancer by HBV (LCHB), HCV (LCHC), alcoholic use (LCAL), NASH (LCNA), and other causes (LCOT).

methodThe estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) in different districts, sex, and age are used to quantify the change of etiologies of liver cancer. Age-period-cohort models were performed to predict the primary liver cancer incidence and case numbers.

resultsBased on the GBD database of the whole world for the five etiologies of liver cancer in 2019, the percentage of incidence of LCAL, LCHB, LCHC, LCNA, and LCOT are 18.4%, 41%, 28.5%, 6.8%, and 5.3%, respectively. Fiver etiologies of liver cancer show gender differences, with LCHB and LCAL being more prevalent in men, and LCHC, LCNA being more prevalent in women. Besides, live cancer of males is because of alcohol using and smoking, while the reason of liver cancer of females is drug use, high BMI and high fasting plasma glucose. Interestingly, the incidence of LCHC in women over 85 years old, LCNA in women over 75 years old, and LCOT in women over 75 years old were all higher than that in men. According to the future prediction, the incidence rate of liver cancer itself, as well as the five causes of liver cancer, tends to decrease gradually after 2019, while the incidence rate of LCNA in males will continue to increase until 2025.

conclusionsThe incidence of liver cancer has been increasing and its major causes vary considerably at global, regional, or national levels, also vary by gender and age group.

Indexed as

Global Burden of DiseaseLiver NeoplasmsAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleSex Factorsalcoholic useHBVHCVliver cancerNASH

Identifiers

PMID35118819
PMCPMC8894698

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.