SynthesisJournal of medical virology2022
Third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: A systematic review of 30 published studies.
Synthesis in Journal of medical virology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Immunologic responses to the third and fourth doses of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in cell therapy recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Virology journal · 2024Pooled it
- Third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: A systematic review of 30 published studies.Journal of medical virology · 2022Pooled it
- Factors influencing the COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Ukrainian refugees in Poland: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Review
- Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines in Radiation-Oncology Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Immunological memory to COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised and immunocompetent children.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity of three-dose COVID-19 vaccines in people living with multiple sclerosis.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- Review
- Immunogenicity and Safety of the Three-Dose COVID-19 Vaccine Regimen in Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Kidney diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Immunogenicity and Safety of Half-Dose Heterologous mRNA-1273 Booster Vaccination for Adults Primed with the CoronaVacVaccines · 2024Article
- Predictors of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severe and Lethal COVID-19 after Three Years of Follow-Up: A Population-Wide Study.Viruses · 2023Article
- Prior cycles of anti-CD20 antibodies affect antibody responses after repeated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Differences in BNT126b2 and ChAdOx1 Homologous Vaccination Antibody Response among Teachers in Poznan, Poland.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Longitudinal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody immune response in acute and convalescent patients.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Safety and immunogenicity of the third (booster) dose of inactivated and recombinant protein SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for patients with endocrine-related cancer.Frontiers in public health · 2023Observational
- Evaluation of Covid-19 anti-spike IgG antibody five months after the second Covid-19 vaccination.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2023Article
- Improved Immune Response to the Third COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Dose in Hemodialysis Patients.Kidney international reports · 2022Article
- Need of booster vaccine doses to counteract the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the context of the Omicron variant and increasing COVID-19 cases: An update.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Anti-spike T-cell and Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies.Blood cancer discovery · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We analyzed published studies on the efficacy and safety of the third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in various general population settings. We conducted systematic searches of PubMed and EMBASE for series published in the English language through November 15, 2021, using the search terms "third" or "booster" or "three" and "dose" and "COVID-19" or "SARS-CoV-2." All articles were selected according to the MOOSE guidelines. The seroconversion risk after third doses was descriptively expressed as a pooled rate ratio ([seroconversion rate after the third dose]/[seroconversion rate after the second dose]). The search returned 30 studies that included a total of 2 734 437 vaccinated subjects. In more than 2 700 000 Israeli patients extracted from the general population, the reduction in the risk of infection ranged from 88% to 92%. Conversion rates for IgG anti-spike ranged from 95% to 100%. In cancer or immunocompromised patients, mean IgG seroconversion was 39.4% before and 66.6% after third doses. A third dose seems necessary to protect against all COVID-19 infection, severe disease, and death risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.