ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2021
Immunobiology of Carbohydrates: Implications for Novel Vaccine and Adjuvant Design Against Infectious Diseases.
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Solid-Phase Glycolipid Synthesis Expedites Liposome Functionalization.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Preparation and immune efficacy evaluation of inactivated lumpy skin disease virus vaccine.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Fluorinated carbohydrate-based vaccines.Chemical science · 2026Review
- A glycan-based adjuvant expands the breadth and duration of protection of mRNA-based vaccines.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- IgG4 Neutralization and Sustained Total IgG Fc-Effector Functions Following Repeated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination with mRNA-1273.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Synthetic Access to Fluorinated Analogs of a KnownACS organic & inorganic Au · 2026Article
- Development of a NovelVaccines · 2026Article
- Review
- Synthesis and Immunogenicity of Pseudo-Oligosaccharides Structurally Related to Repeating Units of Capsular Phosphoglycans of Human Pathogens.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Synthesis of Fluorinated Glycotope Mimetics Derived fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Distinct effects of adjuvants on B cell responses to protein or polysaccharide antigens contained in glycoconjugate vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Nanoparticles as Delivery Systems for Antigenic Saccharides: From Conjugation Chemistry to Vaccine Design.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Characterization of Turbo, a TLR Ligand-based Adjuvant for Glycoconjugate Vaccines.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Article
- Reinvestigation of the internal glycan rearrangement of Lewis a and blood group type H1 epitopes.Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP · 2024Article
- Review
- Impact and Control of Sugar Size in Glycoconjugate Vaccines.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Carbohydrates are ubiquitous molecules expressed on the surface of nearly all living cells, and their interaction with carbohydrate-binding proteins is critical to many immunobiological processes. Carbohydrates are utilized as antigens in many licensed vaccines against bacterial pathogens. More recently, they have also been considered as adjuvants. Interestingly, unlike other types of vaccines, adjuvants have improved immune response to carbohydrate-based vaccine in humans only in a few cases. Furthermore, despite the discovery of many new adjuvants in the last years, aluminum salts, when needed, remain the only authorized adjuvant for carbohydrate-based vaccines. In this review, we highlight historical and recent advances on the use of glycans either as vaccine antigens or adjuvants, and we review the use of currently available adjuvants to improve the efficacy of carbohydrate-based vaccines. A better understanding of the mechanism of carbohydrate interaction with innate and adaptive immune cells will benefit the design of a new generation of glycan-based vaccines and of immunomodulators to fight both longstanding and emerging diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.