ArticleTranslational cancer research2019
Infiltrating regulatory T cells promote invasiveness of liver cancer cells via inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Article in Translational cancer research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated Single-Cell RNA-Seq and Machine Learning to Construct an EMT Infiltration Scoring Model for Prostate Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Advances in the mechanisms of extracellular vesicles and circulating tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Progression to fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in DEN CClFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Breast cancer stem cells generate immune-suppressive T regulatory cells by secreting TGFβ to evade immune-elimination.Discover oncology · 2023Article
- Short-chain fatty acids in cancer pathogenesis.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2023Review
- Article
- DDX1 is a prognostic biomarker and correlates with immune infiltrations in hepatocellular carcinoma.BMC immunology · 2022Article
- Small extracellular vesicles as key players in cancer development caused by human oncogenic viruses.Infectious agents and cancer · 2022Review
- A nomogram model based on peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets to assess the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Translational lung cancer research · 2021Article
- Role of hydrogen sulfide donors in cancer development and progression.International journal of biological sciences · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRegulatory T (Treg) cells are a major component of the microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) contributing to immunosuppression. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Treg cells on the invasion potential of HCC.
methodsInfiltrating Treg cells were isolated from fresh HCC tissues by immunomagnetic bead separation and detected by flow cytometry. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were detected using the CellSearch platform. The cell migration and invasion potentials were evaluated by Transwell assays. The cell viability was tested by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) approach, and the apoptosis rates were determined by flow cytometry. The concentrations of active transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
resultsInfiltrating Treg cells significantly correlated with the number of CTCs and vascular invasion (both P<0.05). Moreover, these cells could greatly promote HCC migration, invasion, and proliferation, and inhibit HCC apoptosis. Polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays revealed that Treg cells significantly decreased the expression levels of epithelium-related molecules and increased the expression levels of mesenchyme-related molecules. Treg cells could activate Smad2/3 via secreting TGFβ1, and these effects could be impaired by knocking down the expression of TGFβ1 in Treg cells.
conclusionsThe involvement of infiltrating Treg cells in triggering the TGFβ1 signaling pathway and promoting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells during tumor hematogenous dissemination is presumably responsible for increasing the invasiveness potential of HCC cells. Targeting Treg cells in microenvironments can be a promising therapeutic strategy to improve the prognosis for patients with HCC undergoing resection.
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