ArticleTranslational cancer research2021
Identification of prognostic genes and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Article in Translational cancer research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic Regulation of Immune Responses: Molecular Mechanisms, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Revolutionizing ESCC prognosis: the efficiency of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIC) signature score.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Dual Targeting of Inflammatory and Immune Checkpoint Pathways to Overcome Radiotherapy Resistance in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- WTAP-mediated abnormal m6A modification promotes cancer progression by remodeling the tumor microenvironment: bibliometric and database analyses.Translational cancer research · 2024Article
- Prognostic model construction and immune microenvironment analysis of esophageal cancer based on gene expression data and microRNA target genes.Translational cancer research · 2023Article
- Tumour microenvironment influences response to treatment in oesophageal adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- APOL4, a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker for Glioma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Alterations in the CaExploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEsophageal cancer (EC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that is classified as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Infiltrating stromal/immune cells, a major component of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), have prognostic significance in various cancers.
methodsIn this study we investigated genes and immune factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of ESCC and EAC that can serve as prognostic biomarkers. Stromal and immune scores were calculated using the Estimation of Stromal and Immune Cells in Malignant Tumor Tissues Using Expression Data (ESTIMATE) algorithm based on gene expression profiles of patient-derived tumor tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The correlation between ESTIMATE scores and survival rates in EC were analyzed. A comparison of high and low stromal/immune score groups revealed multiple differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as candidate prognostic genes; their role in immune-related biological processes was evaluated by functional and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses, and the genes were validated using Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. Additionally, 22 tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TIIC) subsets were analyzed using the CIBERSORT algorithm.
resultsMedian stromal score was higher whereas immune score was lower in ESCC than in EAC (both P<0.01). Stromal score was lower in female as compared to male ESCC patients (P<0.05), and was significantly correlated with T stage (P<0.05). In EAC, median immune score was higher in female as compared to male patients (P<0.05) and was correlated with tumor-node-metastasis stage (P<0.05). The identified DEGs were mainly involved in lymphocyte (especially T-lymphocyte) activation and carbohydrate binding. Moreover, the levels of infiltrating resting-stage dendritic cells, CD8+ T cells, naïve B cells, activated mast cells, and resting memory CD4+ T cells were significantly correlated with EC prognosis (P<0.05).
conclusionsThe immune microenvironment of ESCC and EAC are quite different. We have found genes with prognostic value in multiple tumor databases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.