ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2022
Blood GFAP as an emerging biomarker in brain and spinal cord disorders.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07585149 (Generating Intervals of Reference FFor Early Life Brain Biomarkers.), which is not on this map. Cited by 469 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Generating Intervals of Reference FFor Early Life Brain Biomarkers.
Who cites it
469 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 763 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repetitive Head Impacts During Contact Sports and Fluid Biomarkers of Neural Damage: A Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of stroke blood biomarker data highlights need for more translational research methods.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- Integrating Neuroimaging and Machine Learning to Predict Mental Disorder Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Pooled it
- Diagnostic Accuracy of S100B in Predicting Intracranial Abnormalities on CT Imaging Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Neurocritical care · 2025Pooled it
- Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Pooled it
- General movement based therapy to support neurodevelopment of preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial.Pediatric research · 2026Trial
- Reliability of serum neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein for detecting disease activity upon discontinuation of first-line disease-modifying therapy in stable multiple sclerosis (DOT-MS).Journal of neurology · 2025Trial
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as a Marker of Disease in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: Post Hoc Analysis of Phase 3 Ozanimod Trials.European journal of neurology · 2025Trial
- Blood Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease and Patterns of Structural Brain Changes in the Community.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Serum Neurofilament Light Chain and GFAP in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis on a Commercial ECLIA Platform.Muscle & nerve · 2026Article
- Cerebral Vasospasm Detection and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Prediction after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Scoping Review.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Biochemical Biomarker Combinations in Human Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: An Exploratory Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Genetic architecture of MRI-derived cervical spinal cord morphology reveals sensory-motor axis and systemic disease associations.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Biological signature of dietary patterns in older adults: findings from a population-based study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Candidate Serum Biomarkers of Neural Injury and Neuroinflammation in Childhood Epilepsy: Comparison Between Controlled and Drug-Resistant Phenotypes.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Targeting progressive multiple sclerosis: Toward mechanism-informed precision medicine.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Use of Fluid Biomarkers in NMOSD and MOGAD: Clinical and Research Applications.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- A shared injury-homeostasis gradient in the human CSF proteome across neurological disease.Research square · 2026Article
- Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk in Post-Hemorrhagic Neurovascular Microenvironment: Mechanistic Nodes, Cross-Stroke Comparisons, and Therapeutic Reprogramming.Translational stroke research · 2026Review
- Temporal profiling of hippocampal astrocyte reactivity reveals persistent GFAP cleavage and complement C3 association after status epilepticus.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
409 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 8 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Blood-derived biomarkers for brain and spinal cord diseases are urgently needed. The introduction of highly sensitive immunoassays led to a rapid increase in the number of potential blood-derived biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of neurological disorders. In 2018, the FDA authorized a blood test for clinical use in the evaluation of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). The test measures levels of the astrocytic intermediate filament glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuroaxonal marker ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1. In TBI, blood GFAP levels are correlated with clinical severity and extent of intracranial pathology. Evidence also indicates that blood GFAP levels hold the potential to reflect, and might enable prediction of, worsening of disability in individuals with progressive multiple sclerosis. A growing body of evidence suggests that blood GFAP levels can be used to detect even subtle injury to the CNS. Most importantly, the successful completion of the ongoing validation of point-of-care platforms for blood GFAP might ameliorate the decision algorithms for acute neurological diseases, such as TBI and stroke, with important economic implications. In this Review, we provide a systematic overview of the evidence regarding the utility of blood GFAP as a biomarker in neurological diseases. We propose a model for GFAP concentration dynamics in different conditions and discuss the limitations that hamper the widespread use of GFAP in the clinical setting. In our opinion, the clinical use of blood GFAP measurements has the potential to contribute to accelerated diagnosis and improved prognostication, and represents an important step forward in the era of precision medicine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.