Observational studyScientific reports2022
Galectin-3 as a potential prognostic biomarker of severe COVID-19 in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic models in COVID-19 infection that predict severity: a systematic review.European journal of epidemiology · 2023Pooled it
- Galectins can serve as biomarkers in COVID-19: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Novel inflammatory biomarkers in the prognosis of COVID-19.Therapeutic advances in respiratory diseasePooled it
- Relative bioavailability and food effect of the galectin-3 inhibitor selvigaltin (GB1211) administered as a tablet in healthy participants (GALBA-1).Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2024Trial
- The Effect of COVID-19 Vaccines on Chronic Inflammatory Remodeling in NSTEMI Patients: A Galectin-3-Based Single-Center Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- SOX9 represses the human galectin-3 promoter in SW1353 cells: potential implications for osteoarthritis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Diagnostic and pathophysiological significance of serum myeloperoxidase, ischemia-modified albumin, paraoxonase-1 and galectin-3 in COVID-19 - parallels with myocarditis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Altered distribution of tissue galectins correlates with mucosal dysregulation in SIV infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Insight to Neglected Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Comprehensive Narrative Review".Biomarker insights · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 spike triggers TLR7-dependent endolysosome dysfunction and senescence in human astrocytes.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- The Role of Galectin-3 as a Biomarker in the Cardio-Renal-Metabolic Pathology Axis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Elevated stress hyperglycemia ratio associated with higher hospital mortality in patients with respiratory failure.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Galectin-3: Integrator of Signaling via Hexosamine Flux.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The Role of Glycans in Human Immunity-A Sweet Code.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- An analysis of novel endothelial biomarkers to ascertain their role as prognostic indicators in severe COVID-19 illness.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Article
- The silent predictors: exploring galectin-3 and Irisin's tale in severe COVID-19.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Serum β2-microglobulin as an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by bacterial infection.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- TIM-3 on myeloid cells promotes pulmonary inflammation through increased production of galectin-3.Communications biology · 2024Article
- A novel metric-based approach of scoring early host immune response from oro-nasopharyngeal swabs predicts COVID-19 outcome.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Targeting Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response Protein 88 (MyD88) and Galectin-3 to Develop Broad-Spectrum Host-Mediated Therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is associated with a systemic hyperinflammatory response leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ failure, and death. Galectin-3 is a ß-galactoside binding lectin known to drive neutrophil infiltration and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines contributing to airway inflammation. Thus, we aimed to investigate the potential of galectin-3 as a biomarker of severe COVID-19 outcomes. We prospectively included 156 patients with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19. A severe outcome was defined as the requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and/or in-hospital death. A non-severe outcome was defined as discharge without IMV requirement. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine the prognostic ability of serum galectin-3 for a severe outcome. Galectin-3 levels discriminated well between severe and non-severe outcomes and correlated with markers of COVID-19 severity, (CRP, NLR, D-dimer, and neutrophil count). Using a forward-stepwise logistic regression analysis we identified galectin-3 [odds ratio (OR) 3.68 (95% CI 1.47-9.20), p < 0.01] to be an independent predictor of severe outcome. Furthermore, galectin-3 in combination with CRP, albumin and CT pulmonary affection > 50%, had significantly improved ability to predict severe outcomes [AUC 0.85 (95% CI 0.79-0.91, p < 0.0001)]. Based on the evidence presented here, we recommend clinicians measure galectin-3 levels upon admission to facilitate allocation of appropriate resources in a timely manner to COVID-19 patients at highest risk of severe outcome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.