ArticleNature communications2022
Genetically stable CRISPR-based kill switches for engineered microbes.
Article in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 215 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of gut microbiome in aging-associated diseases: where do we stand now and how technology will transform the future.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Engineered bacteria in disease diagnosis and therapy: A synthetic biology perspective.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Review
- Synthetic biology of oncolytic bacteria: Comparative microbial chassis and precise killing strategies.Toxicology reports · 2026Review
- Intratumoral microbiota in the growth of CRC and lung cancer: Comprehensive insights from etiology to therapy.iScience · 2026Review
- Directed evolution of functional intrinsically disordered proteins.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- Gene Exchange Mechanisms in Natural and Engineered Probiotics Within the Human Gut Implications for Antibiotic Resistance and Metabolic Modulation.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Engineered probiotics block arsenite absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.Trends in biotechnology · 2026Article
- Next-generation probiotics: an outlook into current applications and future developments.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Engineered Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron sense gut inflammation and deliver therapeutic molecules to alleviate colitis in mice.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Engineering rhizobacterial communities for soil and plant health.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2026Review
- Living Microbial Drugs.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Spore-Forming Probiotic-Embedded Biomaterials for Targeted Gut Microplastic Biodegradation.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Review
- Engineering commensal microbes for host health.Cell host & microbe · 2026Review
- Targeting the Gut-Heart Axis in Atherosclerosis: Microbial Metabolites, Molecular Mechanisms, and Precision Therapeutics.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Resilience of recombinant antibiotic resistance gene-containing plasmids against common cell culture disposal methods.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- A sustained living coating for infectious keratitis therapy via probiotic consumption and production effects.Science advances · 2026Article
- Bioinspired and living multiscale composites for regenerative medicine in the treatment of surgical site infections.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Advances in biocontainment strategies of engineered microbes for use in humans.Current opinion in microbiology · 2026Review
- Butyrate-Producing Bacteria in Intestinal Disease Therapy: Potential and Challenges.Biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Decoding the microbiome-immune crosstalk in cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutic translation.Biomarker research · 2026Review
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Microbial biocontainment is an essential goal for engineering safe, next-generation living therapeutics. However, the genetic stability of biocontainment circuits, including kill switches, is a challenge that must be addressed. Kill switches are among the most difficult circuits to maintain due to the strong selection pressure they impart, leading to high potential for evolution of escape mutant populations. Here we engineer two CRISPR-based kill switches in the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, a single-input chemical-responsive switch and a 2-input chemical- and temperature-responsive switch. We employ parallel strategies to address kill switch stability, including functional redundancy within the circuit, modulation of the SOS response, antibiotic-independent plasmid maintenance, and provision of intra-niche competition by a closely related strain. We demonstrate that strains harboring either kill switch can be selectively and efficiently killed inside the murine gut, while strains harboring the 2-input switch are additionally killed upon excretion. Leveraging redundant strategies, we demonstrate robust biocontainment of our kill switch strains and provide a template for future kill switch development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.