ArticleAmerican journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons2022
Implicit bias and the gender inequity in liver transplantation.
Article in American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender disparity in access to early liver transplant among patients with alcohol associated liver disease and limited sobriety is mediated by psychosocial factors.Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society · 2026Article
- Initial Imaging for Adults With Maxillofacial Trauma in a National Claims Database.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- The Sex of Donor and Recipients in Solid Organ Transplantation: An in Depth Analysis Across the Council of Europe Member States.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2026Article
- Sarcopenia and gender disparities in liver transplant waiting lists: evaluating predictive scores and delisting risks.Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2025Article
- Insights Into Liver Transplant Disparities.Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Article
- Bias recognition and mitigation strategies in artificial intelligence healthcare applications.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Review
- Trends in Liver Transplantation for Acute Liver Failure in a Spanish Multicenter Cohort.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025Article
- Systematic Sex-Based Inequity in the MELD Score-Based Allocation System for Liver Transplantation in Germany.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025Article
- Resilience, Post-Traumatic Growth, and Transplant Effects-Gender Differences Following Liver Transplantation: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Actionable Solutions to Achieve Health Equity in Chronic Liver Disease.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Women with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation are less likely to receive a transplant and more likely to die than men. While differences in body size and estimation of kidney function are well-studied contributors to this gender inequity, what has received relatively little mention as a potential contributing factor is the possibility of implicit bias. Implicit bias is defined as "any unconscious or unacknowledged preference that affects a person's outlook or behavior." The undeniable presence of implicit bias, a factor that is known to negatively influence health outcomes for women, within our health care system means that patients interacting within our transplant system may still experience unequal treatment despite our best efforts to modify the allocation system at the national level. Awareness of this additional source of gender-based disparities is the first step. In this article, we posit that implicit bias in liver transplantation may exacerbate the gender inequity in transplant access and provide examples in the literature to support this assertion. Lastly, we offer strategies that could be applied at the individual or the healthcare delivery system levels to help reduce the influence of implicit bias on the gender inequity in liver transplantation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.