ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2022
A Life History Perspective on Athletes with Low Energy Availability.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Influence of Short-Term, Severe Low Energy Availability With Varying Protein Content on Substrate Metabolism, High-Intensity Exercise Performance and Subjective Responses in Young Adults.European journal of sport science · 2026Trial
- Carbohydrate restriction drives greater perturbations in circulating metabolites than low energy availability in elite male athletes.Physiological reports · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Selective Breeding for Voluntary Wheel-Running Behavior in Mice is not Associated with Reduced Lifetime Reproductive Success or Lifespan Under Long-Term Paired Breeding Conditions.Behavior genetics · 2026Article
- Adaptation or Maladaptation? Rethinking How Energy Restriction Outcomes Are Monitored.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry per cent fat Z-score as a predictor of menstrual status in adolescent and young adult female athletes.British journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Digital twin for Taekwondo athletes: integrating sports nutrition and psychological readiness using artificial intelligence.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Experimental evidence of life history trade-offs during ultra-endurance physical activity.Evolutionary human sciences · 2026Article
- Screening tool for the identification of relative energy deficiency in Sport risk: validation of the low energy availability in female questionnaire - Italian version (LEAFQ-ITA).Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Article
- Short-Term Severe Low Energy Availability in Athletes: Molecular Mechanisms, Endocrine Responses, and Performance Outcomes-A Narrative Review.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Review
- Brainwave Patterns and Metabolic Adaptations in Rowers Crossing the Atlantic: A Case Series Pilot Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Energy availability modulates regional blood flow via estrogen-independent pathways in regularly menstruating young women.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Article
- Assessment of entropy accumulation in human subjects when exposed to low energy availability.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Identifying and Analyzing Low Energy Availability in Athletes: The Role of Biomarkers and Red Blood Cell Turnover.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Defining adaptation within applied physiology - is there room for improvement?Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Ramadan Fasting and Short-Term Maximal Physical Performance: Searching for Optimal Timing of the Last Meal "Suhoor" in Female Pre-University Handball Players.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2023Article
- To the extreme! How biological anthropology can inform exercise physiology in extreme environments.Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology · 2023Review
- Chronic Low or High Nutrient Intake and Myokine Levels.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Substantial Fat Loss in Physique Competitors Is Characterized by Increased Levels of Bile Acids, Very-Long Chain Fatty Acids, and Oxylipins.Metabolites · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The energy costs of athletic training can be substantial, and deficits arising from costs unmet by adequate energy intake, leading to a state of low energy availability, may adversely impact athlete health and performance. Life history theory is a branch of evolutionary theory that recognizes that the way the body uses energy-and responds to low energy availability-is an evolved trait. Energy is a finite resource that must be distributed throughout the body to simultaneously fuel all biological processes. When energy availability is low, insufficient energy may be available to equally support all processes. As energy used for one function cannot be used for others, energetic "trade-offs" will arise. Biological processes offering the greatest immediate survival value will be protected, even if this results in energy being diverted away from others, potentially leading to their downregulation. Athletes with low energy availability provide a useful model for anthropologists investigating the biological trade-offs that occur when energy is scarce, while the broader conceptual framework provided by life history theory may be useful to sport and exercise researchers who investigate the influence of low energy availability on athlete health and performance. The goals of this review are: (1) to describe the core tenets of life history theory; (2) consider trade-offs that might occur in athletes with low energy availability in the context of four broad biological areas: reproduction, somatic maintenance, growth, and immunity; and (3) use this evolutionary perspective to consider potential directions for future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.