SynthesisSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2022
The Incidence, Cost, and Burden of Concussion in Women's Rugby League and Rugby Union: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis.
Synthesis in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Nutritional interventions to support acute mTBI recovery.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Injury Epidemiology in Brazilian Rugby Union: Implications for Strength and Conditioning Practice.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Breast-Related Issues in Community-Based Women's Rugby Union.European journal of sport science · 2025Article
- Injury and Illness Surveillance in Para-Cycling: A Single-Centre One-Season Prospective Longitudinal Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of injury and illness across all the competitive cycling disciplines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2025Article
- Women's rugby for all: Toward an intersectional women's rugby research agenda.European journal of sport science · 2024Review
- High school rugby coaches' knowledge and opinions of concussion in Kwa-Zulu Natal province in South Africa: an ecological cross-sectional study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- An Assessment of Existing Sport-Related Concussion Guidelines in Ireland: The Need for a United Approach.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Embracing the impact from instrumented mouthguards (iMGs): A survey of iMG managers' perceptions of staff and player interest into the technology, data and barriers to use.European journal of sport science · 2024Article
- Analysis of Player Performance and Financial Costs Associated With Implementation of an Updated National Hockey League Concussion Protocol: A Retrospective Comparative Study.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
- 'Downhill race for a rainbow jersey': the epidemiology of injuries in downhill mountain biking at the 2023 UCI cycling world championships-a prospective cohort study of 230 elite cyclists.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2024Article
- NZ-RugbyHealth Study: Current Postural Control Ability of Former Rugby Union and Non-contact Sport Players.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- A Global Women's Rugby Union Web-Based Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- A case-control study of tackle based head impact event (HIE) risk factors from the first three seasons of the National Rugby League Women's competition.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Article
- The 50 Most Cited Papers on Rugby since 2000 Reveal a Focus Primarily on Strength and Conditioning in Elite Male Players.Journal of sports medicine (Hindawi Publishing Corporation) · 2023Review
- Sport-related concussion disclosure in women's rugby-A social identity approach.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe extent of concussion injury in the rugby codes for women is unclear.
objectiveOur aim was to review all published studies reporting concussion injuries from match and training participation in rugby codes and report the pooled data estimates for rugby league and union concussion injury epidemiology.
methodsWe conducted a systematic literature analysis of concussion in rugby league and rugby union for published studies from January 1990 to July 2021. Data from 16 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were extracted for women's concussion injuries and were subsequently pooled. Costs from Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) data were attributed to the results to provide cost estimates.
resultsThe pooled analysis match injury incidence of women's concussion was higher for rugby league (10.3 per 1000 match hours) than rugby 15 s (2.8 per 1000 match hours) or rugby 7 s (8.9 per 1000 match hours). There was a fourfold difference in the pooled incidence of concussion in women's rugby league (risk ratio [RR] 4.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8-11.3]; p = 0.0001) when compared with rugby 15 s. There was also a ninefold higher risk of a concussion during match participation compared with training participation for women's rugby 15 s (RR 9.3, 95% CI 1.29-66.78; p = 0.0070). The total estimated costs for the concussions reported were NZ$1,235,101. For rugby 7 s, the pooled concussive injury burden was 33.2 days.
conclusionsOur pooled analysis clarified the extent of concussion injury and the possible associated costs at several levels of the game for women's rugby codes. The pooled mean days lost because of concussions was 33 days. As this was considerably longer than the 7- to 10-day expected timeframe outlined in the Concussion in Sport Consensus statement, these guidelines need to be updated to include sex-specific differences.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.