Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35113296›Full record

ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2022

Home mortgage discrimination and incidence of triple-negative and Luminal A breast cancer among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White females in California, 2006-2015.

Eli K Michaels, Alison J Canchola, Kirsten M M Beyer, Yuhong Zhou, Salma Shariff-Marco, Scarlett L Gomez

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 21% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. The Price of Denial: Examining the Health Consequences of Mortgage Lending Bias in Michigan Metro Areas.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
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  8. A Multiscale Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Analysis of Neighborhood Correlates of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024
    Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Eli K MichaelsDivision of Epidemiology, Berkeley School of Public Health, University of California, 2121 Berkeley Way #5302, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7360, USA. elikmichaels@berkeley.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9209-2560
Alison J CancholaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Kirsten M M BeyerDivision of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Yuhong ZhouDivision of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Salma Shariff-MarcoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Scarlett L GomezDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
University of California, San Francisco · USMedical College of Wisconsin · USBerkeley Public Health Division · US

Funding

Racism, Residential Racial Segregation, and Breast Cancer Survival Disparities among Black, Hispanic and non-Hispanic White WomenR01CA214805 · NCI · MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN · PI BEYER, KIRSTEN M · 2017 to 2021
$2.5M
California Department of Public Health pursuant to California Health and Safety Code Section 103885Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Program of Cancer Registries 5NU58DP006344NCCDPHP CDC HHS NU58DP006344NCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800009CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800009INCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800015CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800015INCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800032CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800032INCI NIH HHS R01 CA214805NCI NIH HHS R01CA214805Susan G. Komen GTDR14301469
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeIn the United States, Black females are burdened by more aggressive subtypes and increased mortality from breast cancer compared to non-Hispanic (NH) White females. Institutional racism may contribute to these inequities. We aimed to characterize the association between home mortgage discrimination, a novel measure of institutional racism, and incidence of Luminal A and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes among NH Black and NH White females in California metropolitan areas.

methodsWe merged data from the California Cancer Registry on females aged 20 + diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer between 2006 and 2015 with a census tract-level index of home mortgage lending bias measuring the odds of mortgage loan denial for Black versus White applicants, generated from the 2007-2013 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act database. Poisson regression estimated cross-sectional associations of census tract-level racial bias in mortgage lending with race/ethnicity- and Luminal A and TNBC-specific incidence rate ratios, adjusting for neighborhood confounders.

resultsWe identified n = 102,853 cases of Luminal A and n = 15,528 cases of TNBC over the study period. Compared to NH Whites, NH Black females had higher rates of TNBC, lower rates of Luminal A breast cancer, and lived in census tracts with less racial bias in home mortgage lending. There was no evidence of association between neighborhood racial bias in mortgage lending at the time of diagnosis and either subtype among either racial/ethnic group.

conclusionFuture research should incorporate residential history data with measures of institutional racism to improve estimation and inform policy interventions.

Indexed as

Triple Negative Breast NeoplasmsBlack or African AmericanCaliforniaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth Status DisparitiesHumansIncidenceUnited StatesIncidence ratesInstitutional racismNeighborhood contextSocial environmentTNBCTriple negative breast cancer

Identifiers

PMID35113296
PMCPMC9010391
OpenAlexW4210415081

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.