ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2022
Circulating trimethylamine N-oxide levels following fish or seafood consumption.
Article in European journal of nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Red Meat Consumption on Circulating, Urinary, and Fecal Trimethylamine-N-Oxide: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Pooled it
- Impacts of intestinal microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide on cardiovascular disease: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Varying Quantities of Lean Beef as Part of a Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern on Gut Microbiota and Plasma, Fecal, and Urinary Metabolites: A Randomized Crossover Controlled Feeding Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Trial
- Short-Term Mediterranean Dietary Intervention Reduces Plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Levels in Healthy Individuals.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Plasma Trimethylamine-Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Trial
- The Role of the Gut Microbiome in the Relationship Between the Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Disease Risk.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Gut bacteria associated with an atherogenic TMAO-dietary pattern and choline-rich foods among aging women.Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2026Article
- Signed, sealed, delivered: a generalizable model for living biotherapeutic dosing and metabolism.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2026Article
- Trimethylamine N-oxide is elevated in postmenopausal women relative to age-matched men and premenopausal women among individuals with obesity.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Effect of Tongxie Yaofang formula on the gut microbiota of diarrhea model mice: a combined strategy of network pharmacology, molecular docking, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Bioscience of microbiota, food and health · 2026Article
- Integrating TMAO into the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes: a mini review.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2026Review
- State of omics-based microbial diagnostics of CRC.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Development and Evaluation of a BCG/BCP-Based Cellulose Acetate Freshness Indicator for Beef Loin During Cold Storage.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Metabolomic profiles of an atherogenic TMAO-dietary pattern among postmenopausal women.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Trimethylamine N-Oxide as a Biomarker for Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction and Functional Remodeling After STEMI.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Observational
- Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) as a Rising-Star Metabolite: Implications for Human Health.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Gut Microbe-Generated Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Ischemic Stroke.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- An unbiased, sustainable, evidence-informed Universal Food Guide: a timely template for national food guides.Nutrition journal · 2024Review
- Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds Produced by the Intestinal Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeSome species of fish and seafood are high in trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which accumulates in muscle where it protects against pressure and cold. Trimethylamine (TMA), the metabolic precursor to TMAO, is formed in fish during bacterial spoilage. Fish intake is promoted for its potential cardioprotective effects. However, numerous studies show TMAO has pro-atherothrombotic properties. Here, we determined the effects of fish or seafood consumption on circulating TMAO levels in participants with normal renal function.
methodsTMAO and omega-3 fatty acid content were quantified across multiple different fish or seafood species by mass spectrometry. Healthy volunteers (n = 50) were recruited for three studies. Participants in the first study consented to 5 consecutive weekly blood draws and provided dietary recall for the 24 h preceding each draw. In the second study, TMAO levels were determined following defined low and high TMAO diets. Finally, participants consumed test meals containing shrimp, tuna, fish sticks, salmon or cod. TMAO levels were quantified by mass spectrometry in blood collected before and after dietary challenge.
resultsTMAO + TMA content varied widely across fish and seafood species. Consumption of fish sticks, cod, and to a lesser extent salmon led to significant increases in circulating TMAO levels. Within 1 day, circulating TMAO concentrations in all participants returned to baseline levels.
conclusionsWe conclude that some fish and seafood contain high levels of TMAO, and may induce a transient elevation in TMAO levels in some individuals. Selection of low TMAO content fish is prudent for subjects with elevated TMAO, cardiovascular disease or impaired renal function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.