ArticleThe EMBO journal2022
Neutrophils discriminate live from dead bacteria by integrating signals initiated by Fprs and TLRs.
Article in The EMBO journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single-cell detection and quantification of the microbiota by MicFLY.Cell host & microbe · 2026Article
- Lipoic Acid Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide- andInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Caspase-8 silences cell death-independent constitutive immune activation driven by tonic TNF-α.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Human neutrophils recognize group B streptococciFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Single-cell quantification of the microbiota by flow cytometry: MicFLY.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- FPR3 orchestrates macrophage polarization in breast cancer: multi-omics dissection of prognostic relevance and therapeutic targeting.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Group B Streptococcal Membrane Vesicles Induce Proinflammatory Cytokine Production and Are Sensed in an NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent Mechanism in a Human Macrophage-like Cell Line.ACS infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Role of endosomal toll-like receptors in immune sensing ofFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity of culture filtrated proteins and whole-cell killed formalin ofOpen veterinary journal · 2024Article
- Role of the SaeRS Two-Component Regulatory System in Group BMicroorganisms · 2024Article
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- What happens to Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum in an experimental environment with eukaryotic cells?BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Engagement of αFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
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- GPCRs overexpression and impaired fMLP-induced functions in neutrophils from chronic kidney disease patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Caspase-8 inhibition improves the outcome of bacterial infections in mice by promoting neutrophil activation.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance: Two-Component Regulatory Systems and Multidrug Efflux Pumps.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Neutrophils discriminate live from dead bacteria by integrating signals initiated by Fprs and TLRs.The EMBO journal · 2022Article
- Anlotinib Benefits theOxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The mechanisms whereby neutrophils respond differentially to live and dead organisms are unknown. We show here that neutrophils produce 5- to 30-fold higher levels of the Cxcl2 chemokine in response to live bacteria, compared with killed bacteria or isolated bacterial components, despite producing similar levels of Cxcl1 or pro-inflammatory cytokines. Secretion of high levels of Cxcl2, which potently activates neutrophils by an autocrine mechanism, requires three signals. The first two signals are provided by two different sets of signal peptides released by live bacteria, which selectively activate formylated peptide receptor 1 (Fpr1) and Fpr2, respectively. Signal 3 originates from Toll-like receptor activation by microbial components present in both live and killed bacteria. Mechanistically, these signaling pathways converge at the level of the p38 MAP kinase, leading to activation of the AP-1 transcription factor and to Cxcl2 induction. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the simultaneous presence of agonists for Fpr1, Fpr2, and Toll-like receptors represents a unique signature associated with viable bacteria, which is sensed by neutrophils and induces Cxcl2-dependent autocrine cell activation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.