ArticleAdvances in therapy2022
Cost of End-of-Life Inpatient Encounters in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States: A Report from the DISCOVER CKD Retrospective Cohort.
Article in Advances in therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04034992 (An Observational Study Collecting Real-world Data on Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease to Assess), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Observational Study Collecting Real-world Data on Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease to Assess: Early Treatment Experience, Treatment Patterns, Treatment Effectiveness, Patient Outcomes and Patient Quality of Life Through Prospective and Retrospective Data Capture
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of risks and costs of undiagnosed and diagnosed chronic kidney disease patients after the initiation of kidney replacement therapy in subsequent years. A Hungarian nationwide study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Particularities in the "Oldie but Goldie" Tc-99m DMSA Renography: A Retrospective Reference Centre Overview of 931 Children.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Baseline Characteristics of the DISCOVER CKD Prospective Cohort.Advances in therapy · 2025Observational
- Pancreaticoduodenectomy in a Hemodialysis Patient: First Report From Kazakhstan with a Brief Literature Review.International medical case reports journal · 2025Article
- Economic burden of recurrent hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2024Observational
- Kidney transplant cases in US: study of determinants of variance in hospital charges and inpatient care.Health economics review · 2024Review
- Multidisciplinary approach to advance care planning and directives in patients with end-stage renal disease: a point of view on patient-centered decision-making.Journal of nephrology · 2024Review
- Clinical Outcomes in Patients with CKD and Rapid or Non-rapid eGFR Decline: A Report from the DISCOVER CKD Retrospective Cohort.Advances in therapy · 2024Article
- The Lived Experience of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Insights From DISCOVER CKD.American journal of nephrology · 2024Observational
- Economic burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a matched case-control study in more than 450,000 Swedish individuals.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Article
- Disparities in the medical expenditures of patients with cancer and concomitant mental disorder: analyzing the effects of diagnosis sequence order.BMC health services research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionReal-world data reporting healthcare resource utilisation and costs associated with end-of-life care for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are limited. We examined length of hospitalisation and costs associated with end-of-life inpatient encounters using retrospective data from DISCOVER CKD.
methodsData on inpatient encounters for patients with CKD aged ≥ 18 years between January 2016 and March 2020 were extracted from the US Premier Hospital Database. Encounters ending in death were identified and grouped by reason for the encounter, using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, and by their insurance coverage. Encounters were evaluated overall and stratified according to cardiovascular (CV), kidney failure and infection-related reasons, and by their coverage by commercial, Medicaid, Medicare or other insurers. Length of hospitalisation and total costs were calculated for encounters.
resultsAmong 237,734 encounters ending in death, the mean [standard deviation (SD)] age was 74.2 (12.4) years, and 45.3% of patients were female. In total, 25,118, 4210 and 76,307 encounters were classified as relating to CV reasons, kidney failure and infection, respectively. Among all encounters, the mean (SD) length of hospitalisation ranged from 9.1 (11.2) (Medicare) to 12.8 (18.4) (Medicaid) days. Across insurers, encounters related to kidney failure were associated with the longest hospitalisations compared with CV and infection [mean range (days): 10.7-15.9 vs. 7.5-10.5 and 8.7-12.7, respectively]. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] total cost of any inpatient encounter was $17,057 ($8040-35,873). Kidney failure-related encounters had higher costs compared with CV and infection [median (IQR), $18,469 ($8673-38,315) vs. $17,503 ($7766-39,693) and $16,403 ($7762-34,910), respectively]. Medicaid-covered encounters had the highest costs of all insurers [median (IQR), $16,189 ($7725-33,443)].
conclusionsAmong patients with CKD, end-of-life encounters were most frequently related to infection. Encounters relating to kidney failure incurred the highest costs.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04034992.
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