ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2022
High Burden of Cryptococcal Meningitis Among Antiretroviral Therapy-Experienced Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients in Northern Uganda in the Era of "Test and Treat": Implications for Cryptococcal Screening Programs.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Call for Action for New Treatment Options.Therapeutics · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Sero-prevalence of cryptococcal antigen and its immune-virological correlates in HIV-1 positive individuals: a prospective cross-sectional study.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Increasing postgraduate medical mycology research dissertations at Uganda's higher institution of learning.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Environmental sources of Cryptococcus neoformans species complex in Kampala, Uganda: A preliminary study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Molecular Diagnostics ofDiseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Funding for research on cryptococcal disease: an analysis based on the G-finder report.IMA fungus · 2024Article
- Poor long-term outcomes despite improved hospital survival for patients with cryptococcal meningitis in rural, Northern Uganda.PloS one · 2024Article
- Lived experience of people with cryptococcal meningitis: A qualitative study.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2024Article
- Cryptococcal meningitis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Adherence of health workers to guidelines for screening and management of cryptococcal meningitis in Uganda.PloS one · 2023Article
- Invasive Fungal Diseases in Africa: A Critical Literature Review.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Cryptococcal antigen prevalence in HIV patients from a tertiary care centre in South India.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2022Article
- Cryptococcal andOpen forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe impact of the "test and treat" program for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment in rural areas of Uganda on cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening or cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is poorly understood.
methodsWe retrospectively evaluated clinical factors in 212 HIV-infected patients diagnosed with CM from February of 2017 to November of 2019 at Lira Regional Referral Hospital in northern Uganda.
resultsAmong 212 patients diagnosed with CM, 58.5% were male. Median age was 35 years; CD4 count and HIV viral load (VL) were 86 cells/μL and 9463 copies/mL, respectively. Only 10% of patients had a previous history of CM. We found that 190 of 209 (90.9%) patients were ART experienced and 19 (9.1%) were ART naive. Overall, 90 of 212 (42.5%) patients died while hospitalized (median time to death, 14 days). Increased risk of death was associated with altered mental status (hazard ratio [HR], 6.6 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.411-18.219];
conclusionsCurrent guidelines recommend CrAg screening based on low CD4 counts for ART-naive patients and VL or clinical failure for ART-experienced patients. Using current guidelines for CrAg screening, some ART-experienced patients miss CrAg screening in resource-limited settings, when CD4 or VL tests are unavailable. We found that the majority of HIV-infected patients with CM were ART experienced (90.9%) at presentation. The high burden of CM in ART-experienced patients supports a need for improved CrAg screening of ART-exposed patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.