ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2021
Effects of Vitamin D and K on Interleukin-6 in COVID-19.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Vitamins K2 and D3 Improve Long COVID, Fungal Translocation, and Inflammation: Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Association of Vitamin D Supplementation with Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity, Interleukine-6 (IL-6) Levels, and Anxiety and Depression Scores in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Condition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Serum Desmosine Levels Might Be Associated with the Size of Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-A Preliminary Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Low vitamin K status is a potential risk factor for COVID-19 infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Vitamin K2 Supplementation in Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients: A Randomised Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Potential Laboratory Markers in COVID-19 Patients with Gastrointestinal Impairments as Prognosticators of the Disease Severity.Tanaffos · 2024Article
- Vitamin K: Infection, Inflammation, and Auto-Immunity.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Higher levels of circulating desphospho-uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein over time are associated with worse survival: the prospective Maastricht Intensive Care COVID cohort.Journal of intensive care · 2023Article
- The Role of Microbiota-Derived Vitamins in Immune Homeostasis and Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2023Review
- Comparing the therapeutic potentials ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Association of Body Composition and Handgrip Strength with Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Vitamin D Level in Cancer Patients.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- Dramatic Decrease of Vitamin K2 Subtype Menaquinone-7 in COVID-19 Patients.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The "Elastic Perspective" of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPathology during COVID-19 infection arises partly from an excessive inflammatory response with a key role for interleukin (IL)-6. Both vitamin D and K have been proposed as potential modulators of this process.
methodsWe assessed vitamin D and K status by measuring circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and desphospho-uncarboxylated Matrix Gla-Protein (dp-ucMGP), respectively in 135 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in relation to inflammatory response, elastic fiber degradation and clinical outcomes.
resultsComparing good and poor disease outcomes of COVID-19 patients, vitamin 25(OH)D levels were not significantly different. IL-6 levels, however, were significantly higher in patients with poor outcome, compared to patients with good outcome (30.3 vs. 153.0 pg/mL;
conclusionsDp-ucMGP associates with IL-6 as a central component of the destructive inflammatory processes in COVID-19. An intervention trial may provide insight whether vitamin K administration, either or not in combination with vitamin D, improves clinical outcome of COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.