Trial reportPeerJ2022
Plasma FGF21 concentrations are regulated by glucose independently of insulin and GLP-1 in lean, healthy humans.
Trial report in PeerJ, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metformin increases glycolysis and the stress-induced cytokine GDF15 but not FGF21 in humans.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Trial
- Reduction of Hepatic Fat Content by Dulaglutide for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: A Two-Centre Open, Single-Arm Trial.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Trial
- FGF21 contributes to metabolic improvements elicited by combination therapy with exenatide and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Trial
- Changes in fibroblast growth factor 21 levels associated with alcohol consumption and smoking cessation.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- Metabolic Crosstalk between Liver and Brain: From Diseases to Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The potential effect of metformin on fibroblast growth factor 21 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Inflammopharmacology · 2023Review
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of diabetes research · 2023Article
- Total serum FGF-21 levels positively relate to visceral adiposity differently from its functional intact form.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) treatment improves metabolic homeostasis in diverse species, including humans. Physiologically, plasma FGF21 levels increase modestly after glucose ingestion, but it is unclear whether this is mediated by glucose itself or due to a secondary effect of postprandial endocrine responses. A refined understanding of the mechanisms that control FGF21 release in humans may accelerate the development of small-molecule FGF21 secretagogues to treat metabolic disease. This study aimed to determine whether FGF21 secretion is stimulated by elevations in plasma glucose, insulin, or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in humans.
methodsThree groups of ten healthy participants were included in a parallel-group observational study. Group A underwent a hyperglycemic infusion; Group B underwent a 40 mU/m
resultsPlasma FGF21 was unaltered during hyperglycemic infusion and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps, compared to baseline. FGF21 was, however, increased by hyperglycemia under pancreatic clamp conditions (
conclusionIncreases in plasma FGF21 are
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.